Justice is a nebulous factor in the international realm and it can become a very sticky and bad situation in face of heated battle:
Abductions:
http://travel.state.gov/officeofchildissues.html
http://divorcesupport.about.com/cs/childabduction/
From:
Profile of a Kidnapper and Steps for Prevention:
Prevention of real or false accusations can be avoided with some prior knowledge as "scoundrels" still enjoy parental rights which can be exercised by either party. However, the recent sociological emergence of DNA surrogates, fertility miracles, even alternative life-styles makes the role of non-biological custody a potential minefield. Caveat Emptor to the parent or non-parent:
Non-biological custody as parental issues shared for traditional and same-sex unions:
http://family-law.freeadvice.com/child_custody/nonbiological_parents_custody.htm
http://www.nclrights.org/publications/lgbtfamilies.htm
Int'l Child Support Enforcement Agreements for USA:
http://travel.state.gov/child_support.html
Int'l Private Law of Hague Conventions:
http://www.hcch.net/e/conventions/index.html
Abductions:
http://travel.state.gov/officeofchildissues.html
http://divorcesupport.about.com/cs/childabduction/
From:
Profile of a Kidnapper and Steps for Prevention:
Though one cannot draw a specific profile of a potential or
even an actual child stealer, it has been my experience that
parents who opt to steal their children are invariably members of
a high conflict family. That is to say, the relationship between
the mother and father is marked by an inordinate amount of
prolonged and sustained conflict. This conflict may take many
forms, (ie- physical, sexual or verbal abuse) but it is the
conflict itself that defines such relationships, not its specific
manifestation. It is also typical for such couples to involve
their children in the conflict. One must distinguish here between
a couple who is suffering the typical conflict that a divorce
invokes and a couple whose entire relationship is marked by
conflict. The threat of stealing a child or the actual theft in
these cases is simply a continuation of established patterns of
behavior.
Prevention of real or false accusations can be avoided with some prior knowledge as "scoundrels" still enjoy parental rights which can be exercised by either party. However, the recent sociological emergence of DNA surrogates, fertility miracles, even alternative life-styles makes the role of non-biological custody a potential minefield. Caveat Emptor to the parent or non-parent:
Non-biological custody as parental issues shared for traditional and same-sex unions:
http://family-law.freeadvice.com/child_custody/nonbiological_parents_custody.htm
http://www.nclrights.org/publications/lgbtfamilies.htm
Int'l Child Support Enforcement Agreements for USA:
http://travel.state.gov/child_support.html
Int'l Private Law of Hague Conventions:
http://www.hcch.net/e/conventions/index.html