In the mornings take a gua-gua (public taxi) from Cabarete to Puerto Plata and to the Metro or Caribe Tours bus station. They have busses leaving almost every hour all day to Santo Domingo. The fare is about $7 USD.
Caribe Tour has great bus service from Sosua, with buses leaving at 20 minutes past the hour starting about 5am and continuing until 6 or 7 pm. To get to the bus terminal, you can take a guagua from Cabarete.
Caribe Tour drives all the way from Cabarete to Santo Domingo. It leaves in Cabarete propably about 20 minutes before Sosua, but you can ask in the bus station.
Caribe Tour DOES NOT go to Cabarette before picking up in Sosua.
I was in Cabarete yesterday and asked locals about bus service from Cabarete. They told me it was necessary to go to Sosua to get the bus. They said there is a bus from Gaspar Hernandez that passes through Cabarete, but does not stop there to pick up passengers.
Plan on going to Sosua. Service between it and Santo Domingo is excellent