Whilst I agree with everything Grahame says, we recently assisted someone in a similar position to get through the process but with a badly outdated provisional residency. In this case, the 'overstay' fees were included as well. So, I think worst case cost of provisional residency, round Grahames number up to to say 10,000 pesos with all the bits and pieces, and figure also on the amount (15,000) under 'De 5 años en adelante' on the sheet that Robert posted on post 1. So, to be safe Rick, you may have to budget on 25,000 pesos, or visit another country first to get a new stamp on your passport.
Chances are that if this is a new application, they will probably not even look at the last stamp of entry.
The process is easy if you can speak Spanish or have somebody help you. The worst is having to find the medical office for chest x-rays.
Best is to go into the office and pick up the latest list of requirements.
You need some paperwork. From what I remember, Carta de Garantia, Certificado de Buena Conducta, a complete copy of your passport, copies of the cedulas of the guarantor, photos. When I read the list with 'requisitos´ while I was hanging about in migración, I understood the Spanish easily. The list is clear, and it is not difficult. Start saving! and do it OK! And then save for the Residencia Definitiva in a year's time and every two years thereafter.