If Youre a Legit Dominican citizen you should be able to renew your dominican passport at your nearest Dominican Embassy or Consulate.No Matter what language you speak.I would Imagine that if you get it renewed in Thailand the Dominican official there would speak Thai or atleast english.Considering you dont speak alot of spanish they might be suspicious that infact youre a Legit Naturilized Dominican but they should be able to verify this.The process might take some time but you should be able to get your dominican passport
Good Luck!
