Hi Wrecksum,
In the US, child support is governed by State law so you need to seek support from the State that the child's other parent (in this case, the father), lives. In the other posts here it was mentioned that the father is in the State of Maryland so your first stop would be the Maryland Department of Human Services (DHS). (
http://dhs.maryland.gov/ ) They handle child support and custody for Maryland. You can start a child support application online. From the main website click on the "Child Support" link and then "Start a New Application for Child Support" link. Note there are a bunch of Child Support FAQ's etc. including information in Spanish. I'd read through as much as possible.
Generally (or at least in my State of NY which is probably similar), the process is that the parent with custody (your friend) files for support. A letter is then sent from the DHS to the non-custodial parent. There are various methods the DHS can use to locate the person if the address is not known. The State then handles the communication with the father making him aware that a request for support has been filed against him and makes him aware of what happens next etc.
A few things...
1. You will need to confirm that the father truly is the father of the child. Whether you were married or not has no bearing on child support. Most, if not all, States are only concerned with who the actual mother and father are - not the marital arrangement. You mentioned the child's birth certificate is available. Most birth certificates now (at least in the US) list the mother and father's name on it. See if his name is there. This would be very helpful in establishing him as the legal father.
2. If he were to contest the birth certificate/paternity, the State (Maryland) can force a paternity DNA test. This is where the name on the birth certificate helps because if he believes or knows he's the father, he may not contest it which makes life easier for all. If he does, again the State has the legal ability to force a paternity test.
3. Next you mentioned the child has a passport which means he/she has a US Social Security number. You will need that to apply for child support since you are claiming the child is a US Citizen.
4. Your posting did not mention how long that the father is/has been in Maryland. There may be a residency period/issue- I'm not sure but the DHS will confirm if this is an issue.
5. The other thing of course, is whether the father has a job and the ability to pay.
- If he's working "on the books" (in a legitimate job), no worries. Today, all the State Child Support agencies can 'garnish' wages from a person' job, tax refund, bank etc. They contact the employer or financial institution and the money is directly deducted. They can also keep the person from applying for various official documents such as a drivers license or passport if they're behind on their support payments.
-If he's working "cash/off the books" it can be more difficult. However, the DHS still has ways to find how a person makes their money. An important part of all of this is that the DHS does all the interaction between the mother and the father. This keeps one parent from having to speak/deal with the other directly (which mitigates the possibility of a dangerous interaction)
6. If your friend only speaks Spanish she will most likely need someone to help her (English speaking/reading). Please offer up your help... your friend is probably very stressed right now worrying about how she'll raise her child and probably needs your support even if she's not asking for it.
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That's all I can really add. While I'm not an expert, I did go through it myself (I currently pay child support in New York State) however I, my kids and my kids mom are all US Citizens so it was of course easier however the system has gotten a lot better and most importantly it's all based around the State doing what's best for the child (which is really what it should be - I don't think anyone can deny that kids shouldn't suffer if their parents relationship doesn't work out). I see my kids regularly and my support is automatically deducted from my wages so it makes the situation easier when she and I have to talk about other child-matters.
Best of luck to your friend & let me know if you have any questions!
-Jim