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End Notes

62 Mulder, Tammany; Betsey Guzman and Angela Brittingham; 2002. "Evaluating Components of International Migration: Foreign-Born Emigrants." Population Division. US Census Bureau, Department of Commerce. Working Paper # 62. Dated April 15, 2002.


63 Dominicans have the higher rate of citizenship, numbered at 57%, when compared to Salvadorian with 43% and Colombians with 54%, but it is still lower than Cubans who have a 73% rate of citizenship. This is a sum of those individuals who are citizens divided by their respective national population figures as determined by the US Census.


64 These annual growth rates were derived from values calculated using logarithmic and geometric population estimates from 1990 to 2000.


65 We created a matrix that provided multiple population scenarios. The US Census estimates that by 2020 there will be 55,156,000 Latinos (net international migration is not included in this figure). Based on the possible population matrix scenarios created, the percentage of Dominicans within the Latino community can range from 6 percent to 10 percent. The mid range scenario selected in Table 5, highlighted in bold, estimates that Dominicans will be 7 percent of the Latino population.


66 Mulder, Tammany; Betsey Guzman and Angela Brittingham; 2002. "Evaluating Components of International Migration: Foreign-Born Emigrants." Population Division. US Census Bureau, Department of Commerce. Working Paper # 62. Dated April 15, 2002.


67 Data was provided via email labeled "Table 3" from INS Factbook. Email data was provide by Michael Hoefer and Nancy Rytina both of the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services.


68 Mulder, Tammany; Betsey Guzman and Angela Brittingham; 2002. "Evaluating Components of International Migration: Foreign-Born Emigrants." Population Division. US Census Bureau, Department of Commerce. Working Paper # 62. Dated April 15, 2002.


69 The base population used for Dominicans was 511,297 from the 1990 Census. The 1990 immigration for newly admitted Dominicans was 42,195 and the net Dominican emigration was valued at 2,860 cited below. No adjustments were made for dates of entry relative to the conclusion of the Census.


70 Mulder, Tammany; Betsey Guzman and Angela Brittingham; 2002. "Evaluating Components of International Migration: Foreign-Born Emigrants." Population Division. US Census Bureau, Department of Commerce. Working Paper # 62. Dated April 15, 2002., Page 32.


71 While New Jersey may not be the only state that provides this information, it is the only state that published the data in a user-friendly format.


72 Torres-Saillant, S., and Hernandez, R.: 1998. "The New Americans Series: The Dominican-Americans." Greenwood, Westport. p. 96-99


73 Since the 2001-2002 redistricting effort in NJ, the 2002 election was the only year that had congressional district information at both the primary and general election levels for the 108th Congressional District. Moreover, the 2000 election only showed congressional district information for the general election in November. Thus, the inconsistency from one year to the next of the data provision can also prove to be a problem.


74 We assume a static equilibrium between the number of newly registered voters from the migrant population and the number of already registered voters who passed way from April 2000 to June 2002 and from April 2000 to November 2002. This does not include those who were already residing in the congressional district and registered to vote.


75 Wilson, Cid; 2003. "Dominicans in New Jersey." Dominican-American National Roundtable Sixth Annual National Conference. Dominican-American Future: Health & Economic Empowerment. Conference Pamphlet. Oct. 10-12, 2003. p.18. 76 Alvarez, R. Michael; 2001. "Caltech/MIT Voter Technology Project: Voter Registration." April 01, 2001. Proposal for Voter Registration Reform submitted to the US Senate. Downloaded on November 30, 2003 from http://www.senate.gov/~gov_affairs/050301_Alvarez.pdf. Dr. Alvarez is an Associate Professor of Political Science, California Institute of Technology, Division of Humanities and Social Scie nces, Ma il Code 2 28-77, 1 200 E . California B lvd., Pasadena, CA 9 1125; e mail rma@hss.caltech,edu, phone 626-395-4422, fax 626-405-9841.


77 Hernandez, R.; Rivera-Batiz, F.: 2003. "Dominicans In the United States: A Socioecomonic profile, 2000." Dominican Research Monographs. The CUNY-Dominicans Studies Institute. Released October 6, 2003. Page 24


78 Alvarez, R. Michael; 2001. "Caltech/MIT Voter Technology Project: Voter Registration." April 01, 2001. Proposal for Voter Registration Reform submitted to the US Senate. Quoted from: Steven J. R osenstone and Raym ond E. W olfinger, "Th e Effect of Re gistration Law s on Vote r Turno ut," American Political Science Review 72 (March 1978 ).


79 Alvarez, R. Michael; 2001. "Caltech/MIT Voter Technology Project: Voter Registration." April 01, 2001. Proposal for Voter Registration Reform submitted to the US Senate. Quoted from: Steven J. Rosenstone an d John Mark Hansen; 1993. Mobilization, Participation and Democracy in America. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York.


80 Alvarez, R. Michael; 2001. "Caltech/MIT Voter Technology Project: Voter Registration." April 01, 2001. Proposal for Voter Registration Reform submitted to the US Senate. Quoted from: Rosenstone and Hansen (1993), page 208. The effects of closing date on registration and turnout are from a statistical model presented on pages 130-133 of their book.


81 For more information on the concept of Dominican-American as a political label please refer to: Bello, Jose Ramon, 2001. "El Concepto de Dominico-Americano: ¿Como llamarlos/nos?" Estudios Sociales, Vol. XXXIII, Numero 123, Enero-Marzo 2001.


82 While Rockefeller Drug Laws vary by state, the premise of the legislation is to disenfranchise convicted felons of their right to vote, in fourteen states the right to vote has been lost life. Based on Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) data from 1988-1996, a study done by The Sentencing Project found that there are over 3.9 million individuals who have lost their right to vote. BJS reports on felony sentences in state court do not provide separate conviction data for Hispanics; however, there are a disproportionate number of people of color who are affected, which includes Dominicans. For data assessment of felony disenfranchisement at the national level please visit: http://www.lindesmith.org/law/felon/ and http://www.sentencingproject.org/.


83 Refer to endnote No. 81.


84 In this report the term voting participation is often used interchangeably with electoral participation. While we recognize that voting is not the only way to take part of the political process, the manifestation of other political activity (handing out flyers, wearing a button, writing a letter to an elected official) is defined here as political engagement. For a thorough discussion and literature review of manifestations and suggested political participation assessment models for the Dominican-American community refer to: Bello, Jose R., 2000. "Political Participation and Political Empowerment in the Dominican-American Community: A Theoretical Model and a Survey Proposal." Masters thesis in Public Affairs. Cornell University. August 2000.


85 Ancestry in defined by the US Census, refers to a person's ethnic origin or descent, "roots", heritage, or place of birth of the person, the person's parents, or their ancestors before their arrival to the US. Examples of mixed ethnicities are Dominican-Mexican or Dominican-Puerto Rican. For documentation to the definition please refer to the following website link: http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/doc/sf4.pdf. Here we use ancestry and ethnicity interchangeably as treated by the US Census.


86 Based on phone conversations with Ms. Cathy Miller, Geography Division, US Census Bureau, US Department of Commerce.


87 The Hispanic surnames are determined by the Real Academia Espanola.


88 US Census Bureau 2000, Summary File 4, Table PCT2 specified all Latinos and Dominicans.


89 To obtain the same information at the census track or block level would require more resources and would most likely require the use of another population model that used by the US Census Bureau. If the US Census Bureau were used at such local level this research's data would lose credibility. For example, while some minimum assumptions can be made of Dominicans at a city, or congressional level, the same cannot be said at census track level where there could be particular street blocks with a certain higher Latino ethnic concentration (e.g. mostly Dominican, Puerto Rican, Mexican, etc.) than others.


90 Cresce, Arthur and Ramirez, Roberto; 2003. "Analysis of General Hispanic Responses in Census 2000." Population Division. U.S. Census Working Paper No. 72.


91 Logan, John; 2001. "The New Latinos: Who They Are, Where They Are." Lewis Mumford Center, University of Albany. New York.


92 Suro, Roberto; 2002. "Counting the 'Other Hispanics,'" The Pew Hispanic Center. Washington, DC.


93 The marginal errors found within this report are in step with those determined by the US Census Bureau. NOTE: For information on confidentiality protection, nonsampling error, and definitions see http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/datanotes/exp108h.htm. For 108th congressional data accuracy please refer to: http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/doc/sf1chap8.pdf. For summary file 4 data accuracy refer to: http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/docs/sf4.pdf.

 

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