You have put me to task here. However, I will try to give a response to your question which has many variables but a summary of my opinion may shed some light on your query.
A) It is not quite that simple to determine why some people have a hard time understanding you when you speak but the majority of speakers to whom you speak can understand you with little or no difficulty. You are right to separate the two categories of speakers and listeners meaning those who are less educated have a poorer command of the language and have less exposure to other Spanish speakers and foreigners versus those who are more educated and most likely have a better overall command of Spanish whether or not they speak to other Spanish speakers is irrelevant because their overall command is probably good.
I have not heard you speak so it’s hard to pinpoint what exactly the problem is but my rule of thumb is if people are having a hard time understanding you (even if it’s a small group of speakers) then you still need to improve your speaking skills and refine certain gaps. As much as you may not like to hear it, those people who can’t understand you may be the key to you focusing on where your Spanish needs most improvement. You have to use reverse logic. Those who can understand you even though they may have some difficulty at times understanding what you say (pronunciation) and the way you say it (grammar) still can decipher what you are saying because their command of Spanish is much stronger. If you truly want to bridge the gap next time someone does not understand what you say in Spanish, take a minute and listen to yourself meaning pronunciation and grammar and you may be surprised that you start to notice your own errors much more readily. Even if other people understand you does not mean you are speaking well in most cases. You are getting your point across and they are just bridging the communication gap.
The problem with the pronoun t? and its usage is because of the colloquial speech patterns of the DR. Keep in mind the basic Spanish grammar pronouns are not required to determine the subject of the sentence (aka ‘the speaker’) because the verb ending indicates that clearly- hablo (I speak), Yo hablo (I speak). There’s no need for ‘yo’ unless you want to emphasize a point or reiterate something. Foreigners tend to overuse pronouns in general in Spanish and this concept of using ‘yo’ excessively is called ‘yoismo’.
You will find Spanish spoken by Mexicans and Colombians a lot easier to understand because of the history (where their colonizers from Spanish originated), education in the New World (during the colonial period) and the impact of other linguistic influences to a higher or lesser degree (for example indigenous languages that existed way before Spanish came to the New World aka Latin America). In essence, to compare Spanish spoken in the DR to that of Mexico or Colombia is comparing two different fruits- apples and oranges. Yes, they are both classified as fruits (the hierarchy) but they branch into different categories (apples vs. oranges) because they come from a different plant.
Th
-MP..
Man, I disagree with almost everything you wrote. For instance:
A. Real example, I had a woman from Av. Yapur Dumit to meet me centro ciudad en Santiago one night, and since it was late she brought her friend. Now, there we are the 3 of us just talking. But a problem has arisen, in that the woman cannot understand me. I am having a face to face conversation with her and she cannot understand me. Simple conversation "Where are you from? Do you have any kids, etc". But her friend, equally attractive albeit much thinner can understand me without regard. It gets to the point where basically I am having a conversation with her friend and her friend is taking time out to translate to a woman whom I am sitting right next to in a language that we are all speaking. Now I have to give them names to avoid confusion. Lets call the woman I was to see, Benita and her friend, Annie. I drew a conclusion about education and the ability to cerebrally manage different ways of understanding spanish based on the fact that Annie works in a large supermarket in Santiago and Benita, may possibly, could have a job as a dental something or other. So Annie is surrounded by other Dominicans who have been other places and have learned and internalized rules of language. Who the hell knows what Benita does? I m serious, do you know how foolish it looks to have a conversation with someone
in spanish seated next to a person only to have the person on the other side of the table translate the conversation
into spanish to the person whom you are sitting next to? And knowing that 1. I dont know every word in the language but, 2. I have way more than a rudimentary grasp of the language. I mean, I m not no Julio Iglesias but I aint no Erik Estrada neither. I drew the conclusion that the woman was stupid. And it defeats the point of going out further if you cannot understand me, why waste 3 hours? Why not ask the friend, Annie to go out? It has been my experience that it is not the manner that I speak it is the education of the recipient of the conversation. When I was married, my mother in law would speak to me and I would never understand her because she would talk in that Jarabacoa hillbilly way(you know, where you mumble everything), and she didnt understand me because her ears were attuned to listen to Jarabacoa hillbilly spanish language. I remember one time wasting 10 minutes asking her for some damn soda. Apparently refresco isnt the word to use in Jarabacoa. Now her brother, Daniel(and mind you were talking about 70 year old people here, so RIP Tio Daniel) could always understand me(as I he) because he had been around, sons in the US and Europe(and this was in 1999-2000 around that time). He had spoken so clearly to my ear that I liked talking to him about the olden days(the olden Dominican days).
B. I dont think there is an excessive foreign overuse of "Yo". I think it is a rational use. In english you have to use Yo because honestly most verbs are only conjugated 1 or 2 ways, in plural or singular, in 1,2 or 3rd person. Example: hacer-to do, to make, to become. Apart from to do, the verb is the same form in all contexts in its respective state of conjugation.
You say to me "Made a sandwich. Did my laundry. Became tired. Went to sleep at 9" Now if I ask what did you do? This answer is generally acceptable, but specifically it is confusing because they are all fragments with out the pronoun. "I made a sandwich. She did my laundry. You became tired. We went to sleep at 9". You walk into a room full of people and say "...drove around....took out the garbage...killed a goat." People will look at you crazy. Without the pronoun, who did what?
C. I think the cadence of the language is related to the indigenous development of the music of the culture. In Mexico and Colombia, traditional forms of music are slower in time and composition and in the Caribbean they are fast and rhythmic. And I speculate that people develop their speech patterns close to these time signatures. But then again, in the Caribbean all the music was Afrocentric in origin whereas in the Americas it was a mixture of aboriginal and afrocentric elements depending on region. Also the obligatory use of the percussive instruments in the formulation of the regional music culture in the Caribbean may have made the language move faster in speech and intonation than others in the Americas.
Norteno and Tejano are slower songs even with the same beat count as disco records, so Mexicans speak slower. Cumbia, likewise. Versus Merengue y Guaguacao are really fast songs so the people talk faster. Same in the US, with down home Blues and traditional country, where the guy sung slow and the people talked slow. When the musicians moved north, the language was faster and (chicken or egg) the music got faster(ie. Chicago v. Satchagouli, Mississippi or back in the Carolina woods vs. NY).