The problem with the annexation, fusion, union, etc. thesis is that, if the general will was as unanimous for that as the proponents put, why the need for the large miltary entourage on the part of Boyer? It wouldn't have been like the taking of possession of Christophe's kingdom (which happened a few months before the eastern scenario) where there were still some people trying to maintain the old kingdom. Not even the Spaniards when they took possession here again in 1861 sent as large a military force.
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The Haitian Occupation of the Dominican Republic
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The problem with the annexation, fusion, union, etc. thesis is that, if the general will was as unanimous for that as the proponents put, why the need for the large miltary entourage on the part of Boyer? It wouldn't have been like the taking of possession of Christophe's kingdom (which happened a few months before the eastern scenario) where there were still some people trying to maintain the old kingdom. Not even the Spaniards when they took possession here again in 1861 sent as large a military force.
Boyer?s first policy change
was the abolition of slavery in accordance with the demand of the pronouncement of
Santiago. Roberto Cassa indicates that the emancipation of slaves was not wide in scope
or significance for the newly acquired territory only encompassed eight thousand slaves
or about eleven percent of the total population of Santo Domingo.121 Thus, the
eradication of slave labor in 1822 did not translate to a mayor economic transformation in
Santo Domingo for the economy was minimally dependent on i
ibid
Casa Historial Social
was the abolition of slavery in accordance with the demand of the pronouncement of
Santiago. Roberto Cassa indicates that the emancipation of slaves was not wide in scope
or significance for the newly acquired territory only encompassed eight thousand slaves
or about eleven percent of the total population of Santo Domingo.121 Thus, the
eradication of slave labor in 1822 did not translate to a mayor economic transformation in
Santo Domingo for the economy was minimally dependent on i
ibid
Casa Historial Social
I think in the thesis he says puts forth that it might have been to use the exisiting generals! do read it.. really an interesting read.. he has both Haitian and Dominican and sources of letters from Cuba...
The conditions of slaves in the East were increasingly dissimilar to those who had been
slaves in the West. James Franklin confirms this scenario when he elucidates that ?there
were but few slaves in this part of the island, and those were living in so great a state of
equality with the people, that slavery was only known by name, and they evinced no
desire whatever to throw off their adherence to their masters, and join their brethren of
the West.122
slaves in the West. James Franklin confirms this scenario when he elucidates that ?there
were but few slaves in this part of the island, and those were living in so great a state of
equality with the people, that slavery was only known by name, and they evinced no
desire whatever to throw off their adherence to their masters, and join their brethren of
the West.122
Other primary accounts, such as that of Jonathan Brown and John Candler,
agree that slaves on the Spanish side enjoyed a more paternalistic relationship with their
masters and consequently explains why they were disinclined to replicate a slave
revolution in the East.123 Nevertheless, by 1821 emancipation was a widely desired
objective in the East
agree that slaves on the Spanish side enjoyed a more paternalistic relationship with their
masters and consequently explains why they were disinclined to replicate a slave
revolution in the East.123 Nevertheless, by 1821 emancipation was a widely desired
objective in the East
The prerevolutionary 125,000 number sounds about right. In fact, I think I already gave it on the "cruel" thread, citing the French creole (from Martinique) Moreau de Saint Mery, who was himself paraphrasing the local here Antonio Sanchez Valverde (the real patriarch of the Baez family, but that's a topic for another thread). I think the breakdown was:
Mixed race = 85,000
Whites = 25,000
Blacks = 15,000
Of the total population, 26,000 lived in Santiago, 25,000 in Santo Domingo city, 4,000 in the Guava Valley (today the Haitian Central Plateau and parts of the Artibonite).
Idea del valor de la isla Espa?ola - Antonio S?nchez Valverde - Google Libros
^ An XVIIIth century account of the island by the local priest Antonio Sanchez Valverde.
^ An XVIIIth century account of the island by the local priest Antonio Sanchez Valverde.
same thesis
On January 16, 1844
approximately 150 of Santo Domingo?s most influential residents signed the ?Act of
Dominican Separation from the Haitian Republic.? According to the document,
separation was necessary for a number of compelling reasons: Dominicans never
received Haitian citizenship, right to privacy was disregarded, the condition of commerce
and agriculture worsened, the rights to property were trampled with the law of 1824, the
church was dispossessed, local Hispanic and Catholic traditions were not respected,
Dominicans were forced to pay a debt184 they did not contract, and Riviere (Boyer?s
successor) did not include Dominican representatives among his advisors.185 Based on the
Act?s list of motifs, the traditional explanation that the separation came about because of
religious and ethnic differences and because Port-au-Prince oppressed residents on the
East (the reasons that Rodr?guez Demorizi, Pe?a Battle and others embraced) is a
misleading oversimplification of this matter. T
On January 16, 1844
approximately 150 of Santo Domingo?s most influential residents signed the ?Act of
Dominican Separation from the Haitian Republic.? According to the document,
separation was necessary for a number of compelling reasons: Dominicans never
received Haitian citizenship, right to privacy was disregarded, the condition of commerce
and agriculture worsened, the rights to property were trampled with the law of 1824, the
church was dispossessed, local Hispanic and Catholic traditions were not respected,
Dominicans were forced to pay a debt184 they did not contract, and Riviere (Boyer?s
successor) did not include Dominican representatives among his advisors.185 Based on the
Act?s list of motifs, the traditional explanation that the separation came about because of
religious and ethnic differences and because Port-au-Prince oppressed residents on the
East (the reasons that Rodr?guez Demorizi, Pe?a Battle and others embraced) is a
misleading oversimplification of this matter. T
More than the above, I think that the ones that would weight the most would be:
a) Excessive taxation of the eastern part in regards to the French debt.
b) Brigandage by a starving Haitian soldiery (to which the French abolitionist Victor Schoelcher gives some accounts on his Les colonies etrangeres dans l'Amerique and Hayti. He had very harsh words regarding mulatto rule of the Haitian country).
c) Hostility of the Catholic Church and cattle ranchers regarding land expropiations.
NS.. I am trying to get in place all the stories about the massacres and the killings and all that.. from the thesis that I just read .. there seemed to be nothing. It seemed the even Bosch was saying that the Boyer administration was pretty peaceful. Was it just that property was taken?
Did I not read that Boyer himself order white people killed? (I thought I read that but cannot now find the link.. that the troops would not do it until he himself came there?
I have a hard time figuring out how it could be that the cities that were citied .. Monte Christi, Dajabon and later the others.. would have CHOSEN to have union with Haiti after what was described as the brutal invasion before?
Also when were the seiges? There was one of SD and one of Santiago? Was that under Dessalines? sorry.. there seem to be a lot of wars etc to absorb..
lots of occupations.
But, I suppose that between prerevolution and 1820, some of the 25,000 whites had already left.
I cannot read the Valverde. Too hard for me.
It was in that thesis that Boyer gave 4 months for the relatives of any land confiscated to come forward to come back and reclaim them but few did within the time period. After the liberation, did families return from Cuba and Venezuela and elsewhere and resettle? Did the Church reclaim its property?
So this thread can basically be resumed into the following; mountainannie and others claiming that the Haitian Invasion of the Spanish side of the island by Haitian troops was not really an invasion, but an "annexation" one that was wanted by Dominicans. So let me get this straight, before 1822 there had already been 2 invasions of the eastern side by Haitian troops (one in 1801, qnd one in 1804), and after the independence of 1844 (if I'm not mistaken) there was three invasion attempts by the Haitians. So in 1822 they didn't invade like the 5 or so other times, but they simply decided to go to other side with a force of 10 thousand soldiers, to fulfill the request of the Dominicans who anxiously wanted to be part of a people who had slaughter them like cows just 17 years earlier ,to me that's BS. The 1861 was an annexation recognized by all historians, but 1822 was simply an invasion of a young nation with no army, no different then the 1804 one but in this case successful in taking over the whole country, in part due to the eastern side not having the support of a European power that could defend them.
it is simply trying to clear up stuff that was NOT taught. As in NOT taught. The Haitian invasions into the DR are NOT taught either in Haitian history or in the US accounts of this islands history.. ok? So I am trying to learn.
I have followed Haiti for the last 30 years and the DR for the last ten.. that is all. I have read about the Haitian Revolution. I am just learning about this period of time.
Both Delite and I posted that Boyer was "invited" that is what is said in the Haitian history books and in what is found in English. And I am just LEARNING all the stuff about all the wars with the Spanish and French and all. I studied US history, which was plenty. And some modern European, which was plenty. But not this.
The thesis that I ran across was the only one I found in English. It is well footnoted from orginal sources in both Spanish and French translated by the author.
Read it and tell me if you think it is inaccurate. You are Dominican. It is your history.
Geez// 1861? Annexation? that was back to Spain right? I am not even there yet.. But I have seen the momument.
it is gorgeous.. really.. gorgeous.. worth the trip to Capitillo.
didn't the Haitians help you when you wanted to get free of them again? But let us get through with 1820 to 1840
i am still not clear on the massacres.... and stuff..
I have followed Haiti for the last 30 years and the DR for the last ten.. that is all. I have read about the Haitian Revolution. I am just learning about this period of time.
Both Delite and I posted that Boyer was "invited" that is what is said in the Haitian history books and in what is found in English. And I am just LEARNING all the stuff about all the wars with the Spanish and French and all. I studied US history, which was plenty. And some modern European, which was plenty. But not this.
The thesis that I ran across was the only one I found in English. It is well footnoted from orginal sources in both Spanish and French translated by the author.
Read it and tell me if you think it is inaccurate. You are Dominican. It is your history.
Geez// 1861? Annexation? that was back to Spain right? I am not even there yet.. But I have seen the momument.
it is gorgeous.. really.. gorgeous.. worth the trip to Capitillo.
didn't the Haitians help you when you wanted to get free of them again? But let us get through with 1820 to 1840
i am still not clear on the massacres.... and stuff..
The only incident of killing during the first year of Boyer's regime here was the slaugthering of Andres Andujar and his daughters by the invading soldiery:
Cosas A?ejas (Go to page 182)
MACRAME EN LA HISTORIA: EL CRIMEN DE LAS VIRGENES DE GALINDO
But after a couple of years, some conspiracies would arise:
Conspiracin de Los Alcarrizos
Which would get drowned in blood.
You're confusing Boyer with Dessalines. The former would only get to use harsh measures when conspiracies (or open warfare, like the one at the end of his rule) was concerned. The latter though, would get to be classified as a genocidal maniac and war criminal if judged by today's parameters. Of course, the same can also be said about Leclerc and Rochambeau.
You can't underestimate the work of his agents here, which would bribe their way in a lot of instances.
The sieges were in the year 1805. Santiago, Azua and Bani would get to be burned to the ground, the former by Christophe, the latter by Dessalines himself (in fact, my maternal family were among the patricians of the latter that had to flee to keep their necks intact, they would relocate to PR for a time).
Some of the families would get to return (like the Angulos, Guridis, etc.), others, like the Nu?ez, wouldn't return.
I forgot to add the siege of Santo Domingo from that year:
Sitio de Santo Domingo (1805) - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
Were it not for the appearance of those frigates, the population would have been massacred for sure.
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Don't forget the virgins of Galindo. There's a Santo Domingo neighborhood named after Mr Galindo (not due to the massacre, but because that's where his old finca was located) and that's one of the most well known of the killing of innocent people the Haitians committed in the vicinity of Santo Domingo. I don't remember if it was committed under Touissant, Dessalines or someone else.
This historical account is known as the virgins of Galindo, because his three virgin daughters were viciously murdered by Haitian troops that stormed into his premises and forced themselves into their home in what was then a rural area near Santo Domingo (today's Colonial Zone.)
This historical account is known as the virgins of Galindo, because his three virgin daughters were viciously murdered by Haitian troops that stormed into his premises and forced themselves into their home in what was then a rural area near Santo Domingo (today's Colonial Zone.)
You take this thesis to heart as sole truth, I want to see actual sources, first hand accounts, who wrote that Santiago, Dajabon etc invited the Haitians to take over the country, Emilio Rodriguez Demorizi? who? you read the whole thing right? you should know from where the author got this from, since he clearly provided sources.
If you want to learn about them, I would definitely recommend Gapar de Arredonde, y Pichardo "Mi salida de Santo Dominigo", is not some thesis base on the work of a bunch of different historians, but a first person account of these events, written in 1814, just a few years after the massacre.
Emilio Rodriguez Demorizi was a scholar. He was at one point the director of the official archives of the Dominican Republic and chairman of the Dominican Academic Society of History. Therefore, his opinions cannot be so easily discarded.
Emilio Rodriguez Demorizi - Enciclopedia Virtual Dominicana
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