The Haitian Occupation of the Dominican Republic

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mountainannie

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. En enero de 1805, el general Ferrand (general franc?s/ndv) contest? permitiendo "a los habitantes de las fronteras del Ozama y del Cibao persiguieran a los rebeldes (haitianos), y s?lo tomaran prisioneros los ni?os de 14 a?os abajo" (?s?lo dejar vivos a los ni?os?/ndv). Tal orden autorizaba el exterminio de la raza africana, y dio pretexto a Dessalines para preparar una formidable expedici?n.

Invasi?n de Dessalines - Enciclopedia Virtual Dominicana

This is the time when the Spanish have ceded the eastern side of the island to France under the Treaty of Basel, if I am not mistaken? So the French are legally in possession.












in possesion and troops are
 
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mountainannie

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The rest of that piece goes on to describe various armed encounters between troops of Franco dominicans and the Haitian troops. From that account it seems that the Franco Dominicans were armed and under combat direction. They were reinforced by French troops from the sea. Dessalines got word that the French were also approaching Port au Prince and retreated, slashing and burning as his army retreated so as not to leave any food for the French army which was landing with the intention of reinslaving his people and enslaving them again and selling them to other islands.

Am I mistaken in my reading of this?
 
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Naked_Snake

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mountainannie said:
The rest of that piece goes on to describe various armed encounters between troops of Franco dominicans and the Haitian troops. From that account it seems that the Franco Dominicans were armed and under combat direction. They were reinforced by French troops from the sea. Dessalines got word that the French were also approaching Port au Prince and retreated, slashing and burning as his army retreated so as not to leave any food for the French army which was landing with the intention of reinslaving his people and enslaving them again and selling them to other islands.

Am I mistaken in my reading of this?
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Only on the last part. They (the small remnant of the French army) wouldn't go past the old border, specially not after the experience at Vertieres.
 
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mountainannie

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Naked_Snake said:
Only on the last part. They (the small remnant of the French army) wouldn't go past the old border, specially not after the experience at Vertieres.
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but they were landing more troops on this side That wiki said that 500 fresh troops had just landed.. imagine 500 trained armed fed .. French troops against an army that had been marching and fighting for .. well.. 14 years.

and inviting French colonists in weren't they? And they had the right to do that. So considering that the small slave insurrection had been supplied flour and food from France, and was wcattle from the eastern side, it would have been a small matter to blockade and starve them, wouldn't it? Wasn't there something about British ships in the harbor as well?

Under French rule the Hatian colonly had only been allowed to export and trade with France.. and evidently the eastern side.. to import food. England and France and Spain were all formidable naval powers and could easily blockade.
Just like the US coast guard does now.

I think it was when Dessalines went back that he settled with the French on the price for the colony. on the reparations. The French ships were flying white flags.. I will look for it..

France had cannon. Haiti would soon run out of energy and food and power.. well, evidently they did not becuase they kept on fighting and occupying.

But, ok. then. I need to go on. Figure out why the French lleft. etc.

But now I am pretty clear that Dessalines came here to fight the French and the reintroduction of slavery to the island.

And it would be good if someone would clear up the Spanish wiki on Ferrand so that record could be cleared up.
 
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mountainannie

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posted by Nals

Military Invasions By Haitians to Dominicans
1805, 1822, 1844, 1845, 1849, 1855, and 1856*.


ok first one.. May 1804 to 1805 Dessaline vs. Le Ferranad.. retreat by Dessalines.. leaving the French in possession of Eastern side of island.

others please fill in numbers of troops and lives lost and all that from links which are provided particularly if you want to translate.. Years of Quaker education precludes me from focusing much on the debris of war.

It is good to have these facts out because there really are not many accounts of this in English and this forum is google searchable.
 
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mountainannie

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I realized that there are probably many who do not speak Spanish so this is an appromation of what the French decree says

Art. 1. Los habitantes de las fronteras de los departamentos del Ozama y del Cibao, as? como las tropas empleadas en los puestos guarnecidos del cord?n, est?n y contin?an estando autorizadas a extenderse por los territorios ocupados por los sublevados, a perseguirlos y a hacer prisioneros a todos aquellos del uno o del otro sexo que no pasen de la edad de catorce a?os.

residents of the boder and the Ozama and the Cibao are authorized to pursue and take prisorner all those insurrgents and take prisoners all those under the age of 14

2. All prisoners will be ther property of their captors
3. Boys less than 10 and negros, mullatos, etc, may not be sold outside the colony...
4. Negros and persons of color captured under this
shall not be considered as property and may not be sold or exported....
5 Boys over the age of 10 and Mulattas and Negro girls over the gage of 15 will be expressly sold to be deported
6/ All must be sold in the Port of Santo Domingo
7/ Everyone who brings these to be sold must bring a certificate issued by the notable people of Azua....anyone trying to sell without the proper certificates will be fined
8.No Negro may be put on a ship in Santo Domingo without specific authority and documentation
9. Those without the proper papers will be considered stolen and may be reclaimed whereever and whenever
10. Anyone who tries to export without the proper papers will be fined 50 pesos
11 The sums paid will go to the town halls of Azua and Santiago for the operations. To be collected by the notable gentlemen.
12. The military and the notable will remain in charge to see that no abuses occur in the execution of this
13. The instant that the insurrectionists halt and recognize their error and the authority of the Emperor of France and general Ferrand, all hostilities will cease.

This notice will be printed in Spanish and French in 200 copies in the towns of Ozama and Cibao

6 Jan 1805

*anyone is free to correct my Spanish interpretation.. which was just off the cuff..
 
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mountainannie

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Note that this would be seen as particularly harsh since under the old French custom, mulattos .. those born of a Frenchfather and Negro mother, were born free in Haiti, never enslaved. This gave rise to the very stark differences in classes in Haiti between Mulattos and Blacks. Dessalines was a Mulatto.
 
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GWOZOZO

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mountainannie said:
Note that this would be seen as particularly harsh since under the old French custom, mulattos .. those born of a Frenchfather and Negro mother, were born free in Haiti, never enslaved. This gave rise to the very stark differences in classes in Haiti between Mulattos and Blacks. Dessalines was a Mulatto.
Click to expand...

Desalinn a mulatto?????
 
AlterEgo

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mountainannie said:
no sorry, my bad.. I was reading that one of the leaders was a creole.. not dessalines..
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Your post made me look up the definition of creole, rather broad [see #5]:

Cre?ole (krl)
n.
1. A person of European descent born in the West Indies or Spanish America.
2.
a. A person descended from or culturally related to the original French settlers of the southern United States, especially Louisiana.
b. The French dialect spoken by these people.
3. A person descended from or culturally related to the Spanish and Portuguese settlers of the Gulf States.
4. often creole A person of mixed Black and European ancestry who speaks a creolized language, especially one based on French or Spanish.
5. A Black slave born in the Americas as opposed to one brought from Africa.
6. creole A creolized language.
7. Haitian Creole.
adj.
1. Of, relating to, or characteristic of the Creoles.
2. creole Cooked with a spicy sauce containing tomatoes, onions, and peppers: shrimp creole; creole cuisine.
[French cr?ole, from Spanish criollo, person native to a locality, from Portuguese crioulo, diminutive of cria, person raised in the house, especially a servant, from criar, to bring up, from Latin crere, to beget; see ker-2 in Indo-European roots.]
The American Heritage? Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition copyright ?2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
 
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mountainannie

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yes, I was using it specifically to refer to the class of Haitians who were born free.. the children of the French fathers and the slaves. They made up a sizeable portion of the population of Haiti before the revoltuion and were quite wealthy,
 
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Naked_Snake

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mountainannie said:
yes, I was using it specifically to refer to the class of Haitians who were born free.. the children of the French fathers and the slaves. They made up a sizeable portion of the population of Haiti before the revoltuion and were quite wealthy,
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Yes, but they were an exception rather than the norm in the French colonies, according to Moreau de Saint Mery and Lepelletier de Saint Remy's words. The reason is that the metropolitan law against unrestricted inheritance in favor of that class of people (Ordinance of 1713) was never applied in the Saint Dominguan case, contrary to what happened in Martinique, Guadeloupe, Cayenne, Dominica and St. Lucia. This is one of the chief differences between the discriminatory laws of the English and French colonies. While in the former, the discriminatory impetus came from the colonists' side, in the latter the impetus would come from the metropolis, or to be more specific, from the ministry of marine, specially from the reign of Louis XV onwards.
 
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Naked_Snake

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mountainannie said:
Are you saying that the children born of the French planters and slaves in the other French colonies were NOT considered free but slaves?
Click to expand...

No, I'm just talking about the fact that there was a limit as to how much land and monetary wealth they could inherit from their parents. A limit that was absent in the Dominguan case.
 
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