What is certain more and more by the day is that Toussaint had wisdom and lots of prescience in his not wanting to declare independence. This one is meaningless if your country to be isn't capable/competent enough to maintain it.
NS- The US (which is only 15 yr. older than Haiti) certainly had an advantage in that it had many more literate and wealthy colonists.
But you know as well as I do that Haiti had VERY unique issues in obtaining its indolence - such as a trade blockage and the indemnity that it had to pay to France right up to 1947, (NO other colony in the world had to PAY for its independence - and the $$ was to pay for the loss of the value of the slaves - it is estimated now as $40B and certainly when Haiti claims that France OWES them that - I would suggest that a just court would agree - The US, of course, was completely complicit - seizing the treasury in order to extract the payments.
and the colorist class divisions where the mixed race children of French planters/slaves were often better educated - and then formed their own "class? - if you listen to Michael's talk through -you will hear him speak of how so many Haitians who consider themselves "white" in Haiti, come to the US to discover that they are considered "black" -- (I heard from Puerto Rican friends that they did not know what racism WAS until they moved to the USA!)
In my liberal Quaker school, I learned some peculiar things - such as "you can not have a democracy without an educated electorate" (Another I remember is "What is the first thing you do when you invade a nation and wish to take control?" --"Get control of the airwaves"
There have been times in Haitians history where "things" could have gone otherwise. But there was always a class who wanted the peasantry to remain just that.. so that they had a structured class system.
You will note, of course, from what is going on now in the United States, that a literate population is not enough - the airwaves are far more important.
Much as there is plenty to blame Haitians themselves about -(and I do!)
They did not get to where they are without a whole lot of help from the outside world.