Saber vs conocer- grammar concepts-
Traditionally, there are certain verbs that pose difficulty in Spanish for all speakers, which includes native and second language, truly bilingual (those who grew up in a balanced dual language environment), casual Spanish speakers etc. however, the understanding of how they are used correctly can be overcome by proper instruction and correction.
Those of you who know my style of posting in this forum since exception in April 2005 know that I am pro grammar and pro a grammar textbook. The grammar textbook being the ultimate source for proper speech and not the incorrect usage often heard in day-to-day conversation, the television, newspapers and other forms of communication. If you are aware of what correct grammar is you will recognize incorrect speech. If you are not aware you will assume that the spoken language heard is always the correct form.
Saber and conocer, two verbs to express 'to know' in Spanish but with different nuances is not unique to Spanish. El espa?ol is the most extended and spoken language of the Latin based ones and there are two forms to express 'to know' in at least three. In French it's savoir/ conna?tre. Italian has two forms however, I can't comment or Portuguese because I am not at all familiar with the language but the chances are high based on its origin.
There are very logical rules that define usage of one over the other and once they are learned and you truly understand what you are trying to express in Spanish you will not err also you will recognize when it's used incorrectly. The understanding of when to use one over the other is not as simple as familiarity vs. knowledge (of facts). That's one of differences but there are more complex nuances. A good grammar textbook explains these nuances in depth. For those of you who speak French, use your knowledge of French and apply it to Spanish when choosing one over the other. The grammatical rules are the same. Saber/savoir and Conocer/ conna?tre have the same base grammar rules.
As general a comment verbs are one of the difficult aspects of language learning but in my opinion the most essential because they express the action in the sentence and without them the phrase lacks meaning. The second aspect is using the correct mood (indicative vs. subjunctive) and then the correct corresponding tenses. There are some traditional problematic verbs in Spanish and I am referring to the usage and not the conjugation.
Examples:
*saber/ conocer
*ser/ estar
*traer / llevar
*ir/ venir
Again, if you consult a good grammar textbook combined with your solid understanding of the language you will be able to recognize proper usage and more importantly recognize incorrect usage in day-to-day speech.
-LDG.
PD. This topic was discussed very early on.