The Haitian Occupation of the Dominican Republic

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mountainannie

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this is the google translate of that link which is from the virtual quskeya library

After expelling the French of Haiti ( 1803 ) General Ferrand , who commanded them in Montecristi , was launched with some troops , and coming to Santo Domingo, General Kerverseau made ​​him surrender the government of the eastern , who remained faithful to France. Then he took to protect against the inhabitants of the West , establishing cantons from Fan to Neyba , and fortifying the hills of Puerto ( between San Juan and Azua ) . The Haitian cause had some adherents in the Cibao , but having them in December 1803 sent three deputies to Cap , and having been required Dessalines for supporting a contribution of 100 000 pesos fuertes , the Cibao returned to the French.

Shortly after one of the three deputies , Golf Tavares won by Dessalines , brought some men of color, formed with them a battalion Haitian , who named the Yaque , and seized Santiago. Warned French General Deveau , with 100 European soldiers and reinforcements Dominicans came , surprised Tavares, and took the town ( May 14, 1804 ) . But it was for a few days : the Brave Toussaint Haitian Dajab?n entered , and on May 26 took the population. Having retired after General Brave and the battalion Tavares Yaque . Deveau returned to Santiago and in possession of his inclination began to catch nearby. This was because of that the people will rise , and when they had arrested , he was referred to Santo Domingo, asking for another Governor. Ferrand sent a tan Vega, Serapio Reynoso , who knew grangearse the esteem of his fellow citizens and deserve good of France.

However, Dessalines , acclaimed emperor by the name of Jacques I, did not renounce extend his dominion over the whole island and the May 8, 1804 issued a proclamation in which he said the Dominicans : " Spanish , I give you 15 days to join under my flag . " In January 1805 , General Ferrand ( French general / ndv ) allowing said " the inhabitants of the frontiers of the Ozama and chased the rebels Cibao ( Haitian ) , and take prisoners only children 14 years old and under " ( only leave children alive ? / ndv ) . Such an order authorizing the extermination of the African race , and gave Dessalines pretext to prepare a formidable expedition.

The February 16, 1805 , met in Petite Riviere de l' Artibonite division of General Gabart of 5400 men , commanded by Brigadier Cange and Magny . The next day, in Mirebalais joined those forces P?tion division of 7800 soldiers under Brigadier Generals Magloire Ambroise and JB Daut . From there he sent to Las Matas , Fan , San Juan and Neyba order to submit, and was launched .

The 19 received the surrender of Las Matas , where he entered 23 at noon. Two days later ( the 25th) at 3pm held at San Juan , where he was little, and leaving a garrison of 300 men , with Isaac Borel , went 26 for Azua. The 28 , 3 leagues S. Del Yaque -Chico , El Puerto , had to stop in front of a redoubt called Tomb of the Indians , occupied by 800 French- Viet Dominicans under the commander . Attacked by leading Haitian advocates boldly resisted , but finally had to disband , having been imprisoned Viet . Dessalines did whip thorny death with rods , and a sapper Haitian heart devoured him .

On 1 March the Emperor entered in Azua , he found deserted , and which became Governor Juan Jimenez. The next day came Ocoa river , and finding everywhere Dominicans unfriendly to their view , estates began to burn . The four crossed the desert town of Bani , and two days later came to establish himself with his guard of grenadiers in Galindo 2500 , league and a half north of Santo Domingo .

While the Southern army effected such movements , another body penetrated the Dominican territory to the north . Christophe General (later king by the name of Henry I) with 900 Haitian general under P. Romain , Toussaint Brave , Raphael and Lalondrie , having left the Cap on February 18 , crossed the Grande- Riviere 19 , spent 20 Fort Libert? ( Bayaj? ) and 22 arrived in Sabana Larga. The next day passed Guayub?n river and taking the road from the river , came to camp out on the ranches of Savannah Hospital . On the 24th at noon reached the river Amina, and the next day morning to Yaque by the Other - Band .

Reynoso General Serapio , Governor of the Cibao by France , occupied the fort of West (after strong call of God) and the 1500 Franco- trenches with Dominicans and 12 cannon . Christopher sent one Pedro ... Haitian battalion Reynoso intimate Yaque order to surrender , he refused insulting gestures . 2000 When Haitians are thrown into the river, and protected by the shooting of the other troops , achieved through it , and hamper the fight in the savannah .

Long and fierce was the fight , the enemy cavalry shock defeat determined defenders. Reynoso and General Serapio N. Polanco and many companions perished with weapons in hand. At 9 am, Christopher , who had 60 wounded and 300 dead , entered this town , which was to drown in blood.

Immediately thereupon , the Franco - Dominican wounded were put to the sword in the streets.

On February 26 the remarkable Francisco Raimundo Campo, Francisco Escoto , Jos? de Rojas , Jose Nunez , Juan Curiel , Juan Nunez , N. Delmonte , Norberto Alvarez , Antonio Rodriguez and Blas Almonte were hung in doorways of the Cabildo , ( West front parade ), a lot of people granted asylum in the church , passed by bayonets , another large number of citizens , including the priest Pablo Alvarez put in jail .

The next day Colonel Field Tavarez leaving Haitian Governor and Captain Joubert Cibao of Santiago arms commander , Christopher forward to Dagger , the 28 La Vega found deserted , and 1st . March Yuna reached . The 2 received at the hands of the priest Cotu? submission , the four reached Arroyo Bermejo , and 7 at noon was found next to Dessalines .

From March 5th day the Emperor had summoned its surrender to the square. Reply Ferrand burned the town of San Carlos , which could protect Haitians , and concentrated defense to fortified walls . The garrison of the city had 35,000 French , and 12,000 people had brought a militia of 1300 men commanded by French Savary and Repussart mulattos . The forts were trimmed with numerous artillery . The Dessalines visited March 8 positions that enemy guns began to bother : Gabart division occupied the hills from the Ozama to San Carlos , the brigade JB Daut East , Cange the center and near Magny West Village Church ( San Carlos / ndv ) ; P?tion had entrenched their division from San Carlos to the sea.

Ferrand - to prevent food shortages - made ​​ship all useless people while two British ships , port blocking , preventing them from the start, and as renew their attempt, took them prisoners.

The September 1 thousand French troops out the door the Count to clear the way of Santa Cruz, and Magny forced her to retire .

The 11th at 8am Ferrand new attempt with 3 columns , the hunters take the church of San Carlos , and Magny put in danger sends reinforcement P?tion , who manages to repel the French .

The next day , General Geffrard 6000 arrived from Haiti with Haitians , and Christopher , after the Ozama past 8 leagues north of Santo Domingo came to billet troops in Pajarito : so was the city ( Santo Domingo / ndv ) completely fenced . But Dessalines was devoid of artillery, and only with the shooting of his infantry could answer the fire of the forts .

Until 23 Haitians continued fortifying and approaching their lines, and that day were half as strong shot of Santa Barbara, (north ) while parts Ferrand had to climb over the church of San Francisco in order to dominate with their fires .

The supplies were scarce, and as more wood was still lacking , General Barquier went to the East ( 25 ) for cutting mangroves Ozama , but its operation was frustrated .

Since the city was reduced to the extremity; Dessalines and was preparing to cap the site with a general assault , and the Haitian general Papalier had just arrived in the necessary artillery Venguer ... when the 26 , two French ships were at sea, and made signs that revived the besieged.

Indeed , 27 day fixed for the assault , the British ships moved away , leaving the French Navy harbor a 3 frigates , 3 corvettes and other small craft . In the afternoon , to harness the enthusiasm of his troops , made ​​a general output Ferrand , who could only reject the Haitian cavalry .

The next day ( March 21 ), the French admiral put ashore Missiessy a reinforcement of 500 men with General Lagrange and gave sailing west. Seeing the direction of that army , and fearing an attack on Haiti , Dessalines was determined to raise the siege . In the afternoon your cabeller?a met the inhabitants of the district of Santo Domingo, and headed for the border . The Emperor took the same road at 7 , and at night came to Bani. From 8 to 11 all his army abandoned the trenches as quietly , and was launched : Gabart , P?tion and Bani Geffrard by Christopher on the north . So ended the siege of Santo Domingo .

The two armies Haitians were pointing their way with the fire of populations and the rapture of the inhabitants. But Christopher excelled for their ferocity in this work of destruction . In order, Monte Plata, San Pedro and Cotu? were reduced to ashes , and its inhabitants slaughtered or taken captive .

In order, the commander Col 900 vegans dragged Antoine Santiago , Colonel Jean Jacques Bazile set fire to Moca , Golf Tav?rez and plundered and burned Poux Piere Puerto Plata, the commander Brossard, to Macoris , Captain Habilhomme to Montecristi , the commander Rois La Isabela .

On April 6, Christopher gathered his troops in Santiago , beheaded in the cemetery male prisoners , among whom were the Priest Vasquez and 20 priests , burned the town and its 5 churches , and went out, taking as a herd 249 women , 430 girls and 318 boys .

In their march Amina destroyed , sent to Colonel Etienne Albert to impose the same fate at Banica , and entered the crimes covered Guarico .

In May of that year the commander of Medina Franco Augustine , escaped from the battle of Santiago and Santo Domingo site , returned to the Cibao , and rejected all rounds Haitian ; established a low Villalobos canton Francisco Est?vez , and another in Las Matas under Captain Rojas, and their incursions collected much of Dominican prisoners .

Such was the issue of Dessalines , which led to high Dominican hatred against Haitian domination and sowed terror in our minds who could only arranc?rseles by the enthusiasm of Independence in 1844.

Category: Dominican History
Invasi?n de Dessalines - Enciclopedia Virtual Dominicana
 

Gurabo444

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Ok MA, I'm tired, but let me see if I can give you a decent translation of these quotes, ans explanations of certain sentences, since you're not reading the whole document, just bits and pieces. Ohh and is Gurabo, Guarabo.

thanks for posting Guarabo

here is a google translate

"With this change happy, feel pleasure that promises tranquility lost to time, and such monsters free and we deliver all the fun and public celebrations, paying the Almighty in their temples the most fervent wishes of thanks for the good that we just dispense, freeing us from the clutches of those who cannibals everything bad was expected. More alas ephemeral How were our glory! How short the days of pleasure and rest! climate, European enemy within soon, only left the relics of the French troops.

The first victim was the army general Leclerc. He followed his adjutant general, and almost all succumbed to the rigors of summer, without remaining hope of replacement. Blacks escaped and gathered in these immense hills and extensive forests, knew that they had the opportunity to raise the cry again and again to dominate the island at little cost. The black Dessalines, angry, vengeful and cruel by temperament, learned to remember their former services with the blood of the whites, in the thousands of victims sacrificed to his ferocity in its original time command. He armed his people as he could and came from the Guarico, and other strongholds seized the traffic to become the first chief of the army which he called indigenous. "

"With this happy changed, we felt pleasured that promised to give us back the tranquility which was loss until then, (referring to the replacements of Haitian troops with French troops, in the first 1801 invasion), and then freed from such monsters (referring to the Haitian troops), we gave in to all the fun and public festivals, honoring the holiest in all his temples giving him fervent votes of thanks for the good that he has just dispensed, liberating us from the claws of those cannibals of whom all bad things could be expected. How brief were our glories! how short were the pleasure days and our rest! The climate, enemy of the European (referring to the tropical climate), pretty soon, only left the relics of the French troops!"

The first victim was the general of the armada Leclerc. Followed by his helping general, and almost all succumbed to the harshness of summer, and with no hope of any disposition. The blacks who had escaped and united in those huge hills, and forests, knowing that they had the opportunity to once again revolt, and take over the island with little effort (obviously referring to Haitian slaves on Haiti). The black Dessalines, knew how to remember his old services to the blood of the whites, the thousands of victims sacrificed to his ferociousness in time of his primitive command (this part was hard for me to translate, this is 18th century Spanish, so some parts like this one are little hard to understand, though he's probably referring to the white French killed by the former slaves). He armed his forces in which ever way he could and came from Guarico (Cap Hatie) with all the fortresses captured to constitute himself boss of the army he titled indigenous"

and the next

"The council or departmental Council, chaired by the same Ferrand, seeing no excise or resources to get out of the conflict, and either way, if not we paid, would soon top the black troops to take everything by force, along with our people, agreed to send a deputation about black generally composed of the priest Don Juan Pichardo (34), Don Domingo Perez Pichardo, cousins​​, Antonio Geraldino, Don Jos? Mendes, and I, who spoke French, and the mulatto Jos? Tavares, Creole, and who by their color Dessalines was appointed commander of the place, so let us pass to Guarico, as we did the next day, and we express the impossibility of cash were to fill in the tax imposed to the department, based on more notorious reasons that have shown: that to prove our obedience and willingness to fulfill their orders, we would ship cattle of all kinds, gold and silver garments and even the vessels of the temples to fill the sum requested. authorized Thus our competent passports, we set off Bayaj? approaching the village, to embark for there to Guarico, running the danger that threatened those parages by land, full of black unreservedly without fear, murdered all white, all liability insurance. "

Archiv

"The Cabildo or department council, headed by the same Ferrand, seeing himself with no decision nor resources to come out of conflict, and true, if we didn't pay, we would soon have the black army, to take everything by force, along with us, agreed to send a delegation to the black general compose of on Juan Pichardo (34), don Domingo P?rez Pichardo, first cousins, don Antonio Geraldino, Don Jos? Mendes, and I, who spoke french, andThe Mulatto Jos? Tavares, The creole; and who because of his color Dessalined named commander of the city. (here he's talking about the delegation sent to Dessalines to try to explain to him how unreseanable his demands were, and how if they didn't pay the sum of money Dessalines wanted they would be invaded by his troops, which I wrote about in my previous reply). The next day he headed to Guarico (Cap Hatien) and we manifested the impossibility of paying such sum imposed to the department, base on the more than valid reasons we have demonstrated. (refering to how they try to explain to Dessalines that they did not have the kind of money, especially since the region had gone through the 1801 invasion, and various changes of governments). that to prove our obedience and willingness to fulfill their orders, we would ship cattle of all kinds, gold and silver garments and even the vessels of the temples to fill the sum requested. authorized Thus our competent passports, we set off to Bayaj?, to embark from there to Cap Hatien, running the danger that threatened those stops at land, full of blacks that without any fear, would kill any white, sure of all responsibilities. "

and the conclusion

"to tie the hands of this and be dominating the island least the capital, for the benefit of new and good means of defense, they lacked other inland towns."

"To tie his hands, and stay dominating the island, minus the capital, thanks to all the new and good defense methods (referring to the capital), which all the interior towns lacked.

I hope that helps, there's way more info and references that I can quote, but which I really don't feel like translating.
 

Gurabo444

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Google translation really sucks, it can change the meaning of any sentence, please don't rely on it too much. The article you quoted is the perfect example of this, I only read the first paragraph and I can already see so many errors, which can change its whole meaning. Even if the article was translated correctly, it still contains many inaccuracies, just by reading the first paragraph.

Anyways, from the article you posted, The last part of the first paragraph interest me, especially since is talking about what I just posted above, about the demands of Dessalines to the department of the Cibao. Although, the passage below contains some truth, is far from being accurate.

"La causa haitiana contaba algunos adeptos en el Cibao; pero habiendo ?stos enviado en diciembre de 1803 tres diputados al Cap, y habi?ndoles exigido Dessalines por su apoyo una contribuci?n de 100 mil pesos fuertes, el Cibao volvi? a los franceses."

Now here's a more accurate translation by me, and my explanation of some inaccuracies;

"The Haitian caused counted with some associates in the Cibao, (The cibao was not an associate of the Haitian caused, they simply tried to obey the demands of Dessalines, out of fear, and obviously because they were a bunch of unarmed civilians). But these had sent on December of 1803 three deputies to Cap Haitian (in fact they were 5 deputies, read my post above), and Dessalines having demanded for their support 100 thousand strong pesos, the cibao went back to the French (First of all Desallines demanded five million pounds not pesos, and more importantly Dessalines never demanded that amount because the Cibao supported him, he did this because he knew the place was abandoned by the french troops, the deputies were sent because he demanded such sum of money which could not be paid, and how did the cibao went back to the french, if they sent a second delegation to try to convince Dessalines, and there was no French to go back to IMAO they were long gone from the Cibao).

Again all this can be confirm by the quotes I posted above.

Either way, this was just one small part of the whole article which contained so many inaccuracies, I can't imagine how many more are in the rest of the article, not to mentioned that the google translated one posted by MA further contributes to the inaccuracies.

Now I wonder whats more reliable the accounts of one of the deputies who went to see Dessalines, and who lived in the island during the time, or some wiki article.
 

mountainannie

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Thanks, Guarbo

The Haitians were evidently demanding 100,000 pesos in gold.. but might have attacked anyway... Before any of the troops left Haiti, they had already learned that slavery had been reintroduced in Gudeloupe.

I wonder if someone could help with the translation of this paragraph..from the Dominican encyclopedia.

Desde el d?a 5 de marzo hab?a intimado el Emperador su rendici?n a la plaza. Ferrand por contestaci?n puso fuego al pueblo de San Carlos, que pod?a proteger a los haitianos, y concentr? la defensa al recinto de las murallas. La guarnici?n de la ciudad contaba 35000 franceses, y de los 12 mil habitantes se hab?a sacado una milicia de 1300 hombres mandados por los mulatos franceses Savary y Repussart. Los fuertes estaban guarnecidos con numerosa artiller?a. El 8 de marzo Dessalines visit? las posiciones, que los ca?ones enemigos empezaban a molestar: la divisi?n Gabart ocupaba los cerros desde el Ozama hasta San Carlos, la brigada J.B. Daut el Este, Cang? el centro, y Magny el Oeste cerca de la iglesia del Pueblo (de San Carlos/ndv); P?tion ten?a atrincherada su divisi?n desde San Carlos hasta al mar.


I am not clear on the 35000 French? were they settlers? army? what?

and where was San Carlos?
 

Naked_Snake

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I am not clear on the 35000 French? were they settlers? army? what?

and where was San Carlos?

It's most likely a mistake. 3,500 is the most likely number of the French remnant here.

San Carlos was a former villa outside of the old walls of Santo Domingo. Nowadays, it's a favela that belongs to the city proper. Think about how Port-Au-Prince swallowed Croix-des-Bouquets and Petionville. The same case applies to Santo Domingo vis-a-vis San Carlos, Manganagua and others.
 

mountainannie

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Ok That would make more sense .. but geez .. this is hard enough without having to deal with mistakes in the encyclopedia of record!!! Could some Dominican drop them a note, please?

And we still have an outstanding query on the number of colonist white free and slave on the Eastern side in 1795 or so

with figures differing wildly between 100,000 and 300,000
 

Naked_Snake

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Ok That would make more sense .. but geez .. this is hard enough without having to deal with mistakes in the encyclopedia of record!!! Could some Dominican drop them a note, please?

And we still have an outstanding query on the number of colonist white free and slave on the Eastern side in 1795 or so

with figures differing wildly between 100,000 and 300,000

The most likely numbers are the ones I gave you before (125,000). San Carlos was established in the 1680's by Canarian inmigrants under the name San Carlos de Tenerife. In fact, a section of the place is called Los Isle?os in remembrance of this. It was also the same decade in which the Spaniards created Los Minas with the escaped slaves of the handful then existing in the French colony, which was still a couple of decades before the beginnings of the big importations, and the establishment of the sugar cane plantations, so it's very likely that these slaves didn't even speak that colony's vernacular (kreyol).
 
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This is a very interesting thread. I am enjoying the history lesson. I hope to be as well versed in Dominican history as I am in US history.
 

Naked_Snake

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mountainannie

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Here is the Wiki entry

The House of Bourbon replaced the House of Habsburg in Spain in 1700 and introduced economic reforms that gradually began to revive trade in Santo Domingo. The crown progressively relaxed the rigid controls and restrictions on commerce between Spain and the colonies and among the colonies. The last flotas sailed in 1737; the monopoly port system was abolished shortly thereafter. By the middle of the century, the population was bolstered by emigration from the Canary Islands, resettling the northern part of the colony and planting tobacco in the Cibao Valley, and importation of slaves was renewed. The population of Santo Domingo grew from about 6,000 in 1737 to approximately 125,000 in 1790. Of this number, about 40,000 were white landowners, about 25,000 were black or mulatto freedmen, and some 60,000 were slaves.

so if there are no objections'

lwe can use those.. 40,000 whites landowners, 25,000 black or mulatto freedman and 60,000 slaves

History of the Dominican Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 

mountainannie

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ok... what I am trying to get to is one of those little score cards.. as in.. who fought who and how many troops and stuff.
We seem to have a lot of the raw figures. There were a number of trained French troops and there are numbers for how many Haitian troops came in.

I read (somewhere will have to see where) that the colony had lost half its populaiton.. but am not sure if it was this scaking or another.. but it does seem that the place was burnt to cinders..

I would appreciate it if others would help on this.

(also I would be interested to know about artillery.. how did they get it.. I have read that the Haitians used to keep lead bullets in their mouths to keep away the thirst.. but where did they get rearmed? or how? and the French? )
 

Naked_Snake

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mountainannie

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Just as a reminder... The entire island was at this time under the reign of France

In 1801, L'Ouverture arrived in Santo Domingo, proclaiming the abolition of slavery on behalf of the French Republic. Shortly afterwards, Napoleon dispatched an army which subdued the whole island and ruled it for a few months. Mulattos and blacks again rose up against these French in October 1802 and finally defeated them in November 1803. On 1 January 1804 the victors declared Saint-Domingue to be the independent republic of Haiti. Even after their defeat by the Haitians, a small French garrison remained in Santo Domingo. Slavery was reestablished and many of the ?migr? Spanish colonists returned. In 1805, after crowning himself Emperor, Jean-Jacques Dessalines invaded, reaching Santo Domingo before retreating in the face of a French naval squadron. In their retreat through the Cibao, the Haitians sacked the towns of Santiago and Moca, slaughtering most of their residents and helping to lay the foundation for two centuries of animosity between the two countries.
The French held on to the eastern part of the island, until dealt a serious blow by the Spanish inhabitants of the island at the Battle of Palo Hincado on November 7, 1808. With help from the British Navy, the Spanish lay siege to the city of Santo Domingo. The French in the besieged city finally capitulated on July 9, 1809, initiating a twelve-year period of Spanish rule, known in Dominican history as "the Foolish Spain."

History of the Dominican Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 

Chip

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Here is the Wiki entry

The House of Bourbon replaced the House of Habsburg in Spain in 1700 and introduced economic reforms that gradually began to revive trade in Santo Domingo. The crown progressively relaxed the rigid controls and restrictions on commerce between Spain and the colonies and among the colonies. The last flotas sailed in 1737; the monopoly port system was abolished shortly thereafter. By the middle of the century, the population was bolstered by emigration from the Canary Islands, resettling the northern part of the colony and planting tobacco in the Cibao Valley, and importation of slaves was renewed. The population of Santo Domingo grew from about 6,000 in 1737 to approximately 125,000 in 1790. Of this number, about 40,000 were white landowners, about 25,000 were black or mulatto freedmen, and some 60,000 were slaves.

so if there are no objections'

lwe can use those.. 40,000 whites landowners, 25,000 black or mulatto freedman and 60,000 slaves

History of the Dominican Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This source is questionable given it lacks a reference.
 

Naked_Snake

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Please be more specific with a quote, NS

I was a few pages back when paraphrasing St. Mery (which paraphrased Valverde in the first place):

Mixed race = 85,000
Whites = 25,000
Blacks = 15,000
Total = 125,000

26,000 of this people lived in Santiago, 25,000 in Santo Domingo and the rest throughout the country. Due to how easy it was for a slave to gain his/her freedom (and marry up, so to speak), Valverde asked for more discriminatory laws on the part of the Spanish Crown, not only curtailing the ways in which slaves could win their freedom, but also penalizing the mixing of the races. All of that would be implemented in Cuba, once the sugar impetus transferred there after the destruction of Saint Domingue.
 
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