The Haitian Occupation of the Dominican Republic

[mountainannie]

However, Dessalines, acclaimed emperor by the name of Jacques I, did not renounce extend his dominion over the whole island and the May 8, 1804 issued a proclamation in which he said the Dominicans: "Spanish, I give you 15 days to join under my flag. " In January 1805, General Ferrand (French general / ndv) allowing said "the inhabitants of the frontiers of the Ozama and chased the rebels Cibao (Haitian), and take prisoners only children 14 years old and under" (only leave children alive? / ndv). Such an order authorizing the extermination of the African race, and gave Dessalines pretext to prepare a formidable expedition.

The February 16, 1805, met in Petite Riviere de l'Artibonite division of General Gabart of 5400 men, commanded by Brigadier Cange and Magny. The next day, in Mirebalais joined those forces P?tion division of 7800 soldiers under Brigadier Generals Magloire Ambroise and JB Daut. From there he sent to Las Matas, Fan, San Juan and Neyba order to submit, and was launched.

The 19 received the surrender of Las Matas, where he entered 23 at noon. Two days later (the 25th) at 3pm held at San Juan, where he was little, and leaving a garrison of 300 men, with Isaac Borel, went 26 for Azua. The 28, 3 leagues S. Del Yaque-Chico, El Puerto, had to stop in front of a redoubt called Tomb of the Indians, occupied by 800 French-Viet Dominicans under the commander. Attacked by leading Haitian advocates boldly resisted, but finally had to disband, having been imprisoned Viet. Dessalines did whip thorny death with rods, and a sapper Haitian heart devoured him.

On 1 March the Emperor entered in Azua, he found deserted, and which became Governor Juan Jimenez. The next day came Ocoa river, and finding everywhere Dominicans unfriendly to their view, estates began to burn. The four crossed the desert town of Bani, and two days later came to establish himself with his guard of grenadiers in Galindo 2500, league and a half north of Santo Domingo.

While the Southern army effected such movements, another body penetrated the Dominican territory to the north. Christophe General (later king by the name of Henry I) with 900 Haitian general under P. Romain, Toussaint Brave, Raphael and Lalondrie, having left the Cap on February 18, crossed the Grande-Riviere 19, spent 20 Fort Libert? (Bayaj?) and 22 arrived in Sabana Larga. The next day passed Guayub?n river and taking the road from the river, came to camp out on the ranches of Savannah Hospital. On the 24th at noon reached the river Amina, and the next day morning to Yaque by the Other-Band.

Reynoso General Serapio, Governor of the Cibao by France, occupied the fort of West (after strong call of God) and the 1500 Franco-trenches with Dominicans and 12 cannon. Christopher sent one Pedro ... Haitian battalion Reynoso intimate Yaque order to surrender, he refused insulting gestures. 2000 When Haitians are thrown into the river, and protected by the shooting of the other troops, achieved through it, and hamper the fight in the savannah.

Long and fierce was the fight, the enemy cavalry shock defeat determined defenders. Reynoso and General Serapio N. Polanco and many companions perished with weapons in hand. At 9 am, Christopher, who had 60 wounded and 300 dead, entered this town, which was to drown in blood.

Immediately thereupon, the Franco-Dominican wounded were put to the sword in the streets.

On February 26 the remarkable Francisco Raimundo Campo, Francisco Escoto, Jos? de Rojas, Jose Nunez, Juan Curiel, Juan Nunez, N. Delmonte, Norberto Alvarez, Antonio Rodriguez and Blas Almonte were hung in doorways of the Cabildo, (West front parade), a lot of people granted asylum in the church, passed by bayonets, another large number of citizens, including the priest Pablo Alvarez put in jail.

The next day Colonel Field Tavarez leaving Haitian Governor and Captain Joubert Cibao of Santiago arms commander, Christopher forward to Dagger, the 28 La Vega found deserted, and 1st. March Yuna reached. The 2 received at the hands of the priest Cotu? submission, the four reached Arroyo Bermejo, and 7 at noon was found next to Dessalines.

From March 5th day the Emperor had summoned its surrender to the square. Reply Ferrand burned the town of San Carlos, which could protect Haitians, and concentrated defense to fortified walls. The garrison of the city had 35,000 French, and 12,000 people had brought a militia of 1300 men commanded by French Savary and Repussart mulattos. The forts were trimmed with numerous artillery. The Dessalines visited March 8 positions that enemy guns began to bother: Gabart division occupied the hills from the Ozama to San Carlos, the brigade JB Daut East, Cange the center and near Magny West Village Church (San Carlos / ndv); P?tion had entrenched their division from San Carlos to the sea.

Ferrand-to prevent food shortages-made ship all useless people while two British ships, port blocking, preventing them from the start, and as renew their attempt, took them prisoners.

The September 1 thousand French troops out the door the Count to clear the way of Santa Cruz, and Magny forced her to retire.

The 11th at 8am Ferrand new attempt with 3 columns, the hunters take the church of San Carlos, and Magny put in danger sends reinforcement P?tion, who manages to repel the French.

The next day, General Geffrard 6000 arrived from Haiti with Haitians, and Christopher, after the Ozama past 8 leagues north of Santo Domingo came to billet troops in Pajarito: so was the city (Santo Domingo / ndv) completely fenced. But Dessalines was devoid of artillery, and only with the shooting of his infantry could answer the fire of the forts.

Until 23 Haitians continued fortifying and approaching their lines, and that day were half as strong shot of Santa Barbara, (north) while parts Ferrand had to climb over the church of San Francisco in order to dominate with their fires.

The supplies were scarce, and as more wood was still lacking, General Barquier went to the East (25) for cutting mangroves Ozama, but its operation was frustrated.

Since the city was reduced to the extremity; Dessalines and was preparing to cap the site with a general assault, and the Haitian general Papalier had just arrived in the necessary artillery Venguer ... when the 26, two French ships were at sea, and made signs that revived the besieged.

Indeed, 27 day fixed for the assault, the British ships moved away, leaving the French Navy harbor a 3 frigates, 3 corvettes and other small craft. In the afternoon, to harness the enthusiasm of his troops, made a general output Ferrand, who could only reject the Haitian cavalry.

The next day (March 21), the French admiral put ashore Missiessy a reinforcement of 500 men with General Lagrange and gave sailing west. Seeing the direction of that army, and fearing an attack on Haiti, Dessalines was determined to raise the siege. In the afternoon your cabeller?a met the inhabitants of the district of Santo Domingo, and headed for the border. The Emperor took the same road at 7, and at night came to Bani. From 8 to 11 all his army abandoned the trenches as quietly, and was launched: Gabart, P?tion and Bani Geffrard by Christopher on the north. So ended the siege of Santo Domingo.

The two armies Haitians were pointing their way with the fire of populations and the rapture of the inhabitants. But Christopher excelled for their ferocity in this work of destruction. In order, Monte Plata, San Pedro and Cotu? were reduced to ashes, and its inhabitants slaughtered or taken captive.

In order, the commander Col 900 vegans dragged Antoine Santiago, Colonel Jean Jacques Bazile set fire to Moca, Golf Tav?rez and plundered and burned Poux Piere Puerto Plata, the commander Brossard, to Macoris, Captain Habilhomme to Montecristi, the commander Rois La Isabela.

On April 6, Christopher gathered his troops in Santiago, beheaded in the cemetery male prisoners, among whom were the Priest Vasquez and 20 priests, burned the town and its 5 churches, and went out, taking as a herd 249 women, 430 girls and 318 boys.

In their march Amina destroyed, sent to Colonel Etienne Albert to impose the same fate at Banica, and entered the crimes covered Guarico.

In May of that year the commander of Medina Franco Augustine, escaped from the battle of Santiago and Santo Domingo site, returned to the Cibao, and rejected all rounds Haitian; established a low Villalobos canton Francisco Est?vez, and another in Las Matas under Captain Rojas, and their incursions collected much of Dominican prisoners.

Such was the issue of Dessalines, which led to high Dominican hatred against Haitian domination and sowed terror in our minds who could only arranc?rseles by the enthusiasm of Independence in 1844.

Invasi?n de Dessalines - Enciclopedia Virtual Dominicana

google translated

 

[mountainannie]

That last is taken, as you see, from the Dominican Virtual Encyclopedia

note the last lines

Such was the issue of Dessalines, which led to high Dominican hatred against Haitian domination and sowed terror in our minds who could only arranc?rseles by the enthusiasm of Independence in 1844.

so I question whether antihaitiamismo is not still being taught...

since this was essentially a war against the French reimpostion of slavery, one wonders if it could it not be worded differently?

I am searching for other accounts of the battles..

 

[Quisqueya]

T
so I question whether antihaitiamismo is not still being taught...

since this was essentially a war against the French reimpostion of slavery, one wonders if it could it not be worded differently?

This is the million dollar question, MA. The problem is, the Dominican elite and the people with the power to change the way of thinking will not do so as it doesn't benefit them. Look at how long this thread has been going and with great input from you,NS and others. Finally, you are asking yourself about what can change the perception and end this hatred towards Haitians.

We all know this will never happen. We can only hope.

 

[Frank the Tank]

This looks like an interesting read on Dominican/Haitian relations

Why the Cocks Fight: Dominicans, Haitians, and the Struggle for Hispaniola: Michele Wucker: 9780809097135: Amazon.com: Books

 

[mountainannie]

During the French era in Santo Domingo, from 1802 and especially since 1804, there was no doubt convinced Francophiles among Dominicans. The brilliance of Napoleonic France was perceived and its effects within the country. Having rejected the invasion of Haitian neighbors, be warned that began a competent and progressive, be warned that the French governor, General Louis Marie Ferrand, was trained and well-intentioned man.

During his rule, the French occupied the reconstruction and consolidation of the colony. Ferrand launched overseas proclamations calling on the French to live in Santo Domingo, many answered the call as well as some Spanish families, and so it went amazingly better after many vicissitudes. In Week, for example, which until then had been a poor village and forgotten, the Government encouraged the planting of coffee plantations in 1808 and promised to give new life to this region, whose French population grew so much that he even Ferrand to prepare plans of a modern city that would take the name "Puerto Napoleon". Wood forests, which until then had been exploited very sporadically, were exploited on a regular basis, as the mahogany of the island for its beauty was in great demand in the United States and Europe. Taxes were lowered to a minimum in order to help the inhabitants of the colony to recover their fortunes.

Ferrand established a paternal government, protected by a decree of Napoleon of 1803 by which commanded respect Spanish customs, especially as the legal organization played. The truth was that there was collaboration between the public and the authorities, although Ferrand, convinced that Hispanic sentiments still alive among the vast majority of the population, avoiding as much as possible, the chances of them feel their power.

All this tranquility came to crack on at least two events that took place, one in the Colony and the other in Europe. The first was the order of Ferrand to the inhabitants of the colony to suspend all business dealings, especially cattle sales, to the western part of the island ruled by the Haitians.

The other event that came to disturb the harmony existing between the French and Dominicans was the invasion of Spain by Napoleon Bonaparte in early 1808. This, and other related, met in detail in almost immediately and Spanish possessions in early May and it was known that Napoleon intended to appoint as King of Spain to his brother Joseph Bonaparte.

In Santo Domingo, particularly, where the French ruled a population that was still considered Spanish, betrayal of Napoleon against monarchs of Spain provoked outrage major owners now considered doubly humiliated to know that also the Motherland had fallen under French rule and seeing their businesses hurt by the ban on selling their cattle to Haitians.

The Reconquista Day is so called because Vigo commemorates the expulsion of Napoleon's troops of occupation, which occurred on March 28, 1809. This celebration, and the next two centuries, is one of the main signals Vigo identity. The event was the culmination of a series of historical events that start January 31 this year with the arrival of the French, who took the city and are entrenched behind the walls of the villa. On February 15, Marshal Soult left Vigo to invade Portugal. The aldermen vigueses take the opportunity to coordinate efforts with outsiders. On March 7 Vigo is surrounded by popular volunteer military units.

The French bread after two weeks without food by closing walled rigorous entry of the village, leaving the square on March 28 after the besiegers knocked down the door of the Gamboa, where the legendary "Carolo" and "Cachamui?a "die trying to destroy it with an ax. The Napoleonic prisoners embark on the English frigates had been approached to help Vigo Spanish, and left behind 39 cannons, 107 boxes of ammunition, 57 pounds of gunpowder, 339 starving horses, 60 wagons, 117,000 francs and Soult luggage .

To celebrate this victory for the citizens of Vigo on French troops, the city hosts various activities throughout this weekend, most notably the theatrical representation of the most striking episodes in the struggle for the Reconquista. Furthermore, establishing trading posts for the Casco Vello period style.

Category: History


Reconquista y Expulsi?n de los Franceses - Enciclopedia Virtual Dominicana

 

[Naked_Snake]

In Saman?, for example, which until then had been a poor village and forgotten, the Government encouraged the planting of coffee plantations in 1808 and promised to give new life to this region, whose French population grew so much that he even Ferrand to prepare plans of a modern city that would take the name "Puerto Napoleon".

Fixed.

 

[mountainannie]

This is the million dollar question, MA. The problem is, the Dominican elite and the people with the power to change the way of thinking will not do so as it doesn't benefit them. Look at how long this thread has been going and with great input from you,NS and others. Finally, you are asking yourself about what can change the perception and end this hatred towards Haitians.

We all know this will never happen. We can only hope.

Well Quiskeya.. Folks only know what they are taught. Before this thread opened I did not know much about the Haitian invastions and occupations. I am learning as I go.

I thought that the Haitians invaded an unarmed civilian population in a sorta abandoned Spanish colony. Now I know that they invaded against France, against Napolean's army, against the reinstitution of slavery. And now I see, and have posted for all to see,

that Dominicans are Not Taught THAT. They are taught a bit perhaps.. that children under 14 can be taken prisoners.. something small about the extermination of the African race???

But they are NOT Taught.. that at the time of the invasion the local population was 70% mixed race. And that France intended to enslave them ALL. This was with the cooperation of the honorable gentlemen of Azua and the honorable gentlemen of the Cibao.

This is the same stuff as under Trujillo, Where the Dominicans are taught that they are Indio and European, not African. That their fortune and futures lie with the WHITES.

Now look at the post about Ferrand and the French rule.. about how great it was? When it was mostly a bloody war from what I can see.. (If they had simply occupied? kept to themselves here, not published the proclamation? They were clearly after HAITI, were they not? .. their slaves ,, their plantations? to quell the uprising?) The country evidently.. what there was of it.. was burnt to the ground.

Did not Dessaline and Petion have enough to do on their side of the island without invading here? It is not as if they were crowded with less than a million people. Or did they just love fighting and were really desirous of taking the entire island? Maybe they were. Maybe they figured they had to. I do not know. There is not much written.

But certainlly the Haitians were fighting the FRENCH. and the reimpostion of slavery.



So.. now we have a situation. With the only positive balance of trade that the DR has is with the Black neighbor. And they want that trade. And they want those people to keep coming here and working. But they do not want them to be citizens. They do not want to give them the votes, or rights, or papers. So we have a powder keg. Things are very bad.

Things do change. Slowly. Maybe we do not see them change. But they do change.

We are making a start here. let us continue.

 

[Lando calrisian]

You are STILL confused Elizabeth, you keep affirming that we are we are mixed race Africans. We are not, you are imposing your American standards, prejudices and views on a people you OPENLY ADMIT YOU ARE IGNORANT OF.
We are mestizos and mulattos.
Stop trying to fuse us, we KNOW our history.
My grandmother told me, whose grandmother told her how they had to flee and hide in the mountains, Annie. They had to flee to save their lives when the Haitian armies came to KILL THEM.
Not the french.
They came to kill her white, tanned Mediterranean looking green eyed ancestors.
Kill, murder, rape and pillage Dominicans not French!
Don't worry, we Dominicans know our history. We can tell you what's up without you trying to reinterpret it to fit your agenda.

 

[mountainannie]

You are STILL confused Elizabeth, you keep affirming that we are we are mixed race Africans. We are not, you are imposing your American standards, prejudices and views on a people you OPENLY ADMIT YOU ARE IGNORANT OF.
We are mestizos and mulattos.
Stop trying to fuse us, we KNOW our history.
My grandmother told me, whose grandmother told her how they had to flee and hide in the mountains, Annie. They had to flee to save their lives when the Haitian armies came to KILL THEM.
Not the french.
They came to kill her white, tanned Mediterranean looking green eyed ancestors.
Kill, murder, rape and pillage Dominicans not French!
Don't worry, we Dominicans know our history. We can tell you what's up without you trying to reinterpret it to fit your agenda.

Yes Lando you can be any racial mixture that you want to be

And I am sure that Haitians would have killed your ancestors who were of whatever origins you want them to be does not make any difference to me

and they were most likely counted among the 35000 whites on this side..

All that I am saying that I have learned is that French army was here at the time.

and that there was a proclamation published to reinstate slavery.

were you taught that? Had you read all points of the proclamation before?

 

[Quisqueya]

You are STILL confused Elizabeth, you keep affirming that we are we are mixed race Africans. We are not, you are imposing your American standards, prejudices and views on a people you OPENLY ADMIT YOU ARE IGNORANT OF.
We are mestizos and mulattos.
Stop trying to fuse us, we KNOW our history.
My grandmother told me, whose grandmother told her how they had to flee and hide in the mountains, Annie. They had to flee to save their lives when the Haitian armies came to KILL THEM.
Not the french.
They came to kill her white, tanned Mediterranean looking green eyed ancestors.
Kill, murder, rape and pillage Dominicans not French!
Don't worry, we Dominicans know our history. We can tell you what's up without you trying to reinterpret it to fit your agenda.

The same grandparents that told you that Haitians eat people???? I bunch of abuelas that can't write their own name on a piece of paper sat you down on a rocking chair and started "Havia un dia donde lo Jaitiano'" Where are the scholars and resources of your avuelitas story? The same people who think the whole USA is Nueva Yol? I'm not saying this never occurred but where are your resources..

 

[mountainannie]

D
google translated from the French wiki on Jean Louis Ferrand


Jean-Louis Ferrand , born in Besan?on on 13 December 1758 and died on 7 November 1808 to fight Scibo (Santo Domingo), French military.
He, as a volunteer in America , the wars of independence . Back in France , he joined a regiment of dragoons, he was a squadron leader in 1793 . Then stopped as Fayettist , he was released after 9 Thermidor. Soon appointed Brigadier April 9, 1794, he commanded the armies of the West, the Ardennes and Sambre and Meuse .
At the Peace of Amiens , he commanded the department of Pas-de-Calais , and was part of the expedition to Santo Domingo . In less than four months, the colony was submitted, but in November 1802 , a general insurrection broke out, the yellow fever prevailed General Leclerc , Ferrand was responsible for defending the French part of the colony.
Opposed by Dessalines , the successor of Toussaint Louverture at the head of 22,000 blacks, he broke the 18 March 1803 . But in 1804, the expedition to Santo Domingo and the French failed to leave the island. Or take refuge in the Spanish part, which ' Jean-Louis Ferrand becomes the French governor. More than 2000 soldiers survivors then went into the eastern part of the island, end 1803 1 .
Ferrand is maintained for nearly five years, and showed both the administrator and warrior. It brought 10,000 slaves to develop the plantation economy in the east of the island 1 . Barricaded in the fortress of the capital, in 1805 he resists an invasion of Dessalines . Reinforcements received from France are destroyed at the Battle of San Domingo in 1806 by the fleet of John Thomas Duckworth , Governor of Jamaica .
At the rupture between France and Spain , the Governor of Puerto Rico fomented insurrection. On 7 November 1808 , Ferrand, at the head of 500 soldiers, was attacked by more than 2,000 rebels at Battle of Palo Hincado . The first shock was terrible. Soon the enemy cavalry overflowing the two wings of the French column, the ranks were broken, most of the officers and soldiers were killed and the rest fled. Ferrand, reduced to despair, became then blew his brains out with a pistol. Its Spanish militias had mutinied in combat and Piedmont regularly deserted the ranks of the "Legion of Cap" 2 . General Joseph-David Barquier (1757 - 1844) succeeded him and barricaded himself in his turn in the fortress, he must negotiate the release nine months later in July 1809 .
Ref

 

[Lando calrisian]

We want trade with EVERYBODY, we don't care if its with the black neighbor. We don't think our future lies with WHITE?
We offer more opportunities to everyone. Two People of Haitian descent have been able to reach higher office here. A person with a Dominican background in Haiti couldn't even be a senator.
What does Haiti offer?
Nothing.
You want proof?
Your here in DR, aren't you?
The neoliberal trade practices and cannibalistic capitalism brought in from YOUR country the USA has created the current conditions in Haiti. The USA wipes it's butt with Haiti and the DR has to do damage control. The Haitians have nothing, no jobs, no education, nothing.
In the 1800's they occupied the Spanish portion to help salve their debts and exploit its resources and people. Just like any aggressive nation. Then just like now, there were collaborators that handed the country over.
Now you wish to emerge as this revisionist historian and say what is taught in school?
I went to school here and no anti-haitianismo is taught, none.

LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

 

[mountainannie]

Fixed.

I sorta liked "In WEEK"!

 

[Chip]

We want trade with EVERYBODY, we don't care if its with the black neighbor. We don't think our future lies with WHITE?
We offer more opportunities to everyone. Two People of Haitian descent have been able to reach higher office here. A person with a Dominican background in Haiti couldn't even be a senator.
What does Haiti offer?
Nothing.
You want proof?
Your here in DR, aren't you?
The neoliberal trade practices and cannibalistic capitalism brought in from YOUR country the USA has created the current conditions in Haiti. The USA wipes it's butt with Haiti and the DR has to do damage control. The Haitians have nothing, no jobs, no education, nothing.
In the 1800's they occupied the Spanish portion to help salve their debts and exploit its resources and people. Just like any aggressive nation. Then just like now, there were collaborators that handed the country over.
Now you wish to emerge as this revisionist historian and say what is taught in school?
I went to school here and no anti-haitianismo is taught, none.

LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

Lando, I think you realize now MA is not interested in the truth.

She is a poster child for the new age politically correct atheistic propaganda machine where decisions are based on poor information and truth is by consensus, as clearly seen by her posts. This is all the rage in the US and Europe and it's no wonder why they are going downhill.

 

[Lando calrisian]

Don't put words in my mouth. I never stated the Haitian invaders, who murdered the men. Raped the women and rode over the bodies of the children are any people. My grandmother never said that either.
Maybe they did, they currently chop people's heads off.
The history annals which Mountannie has never read and maybe you should too before saying something stupid give descriptions about this.
But I didn't say that. Not did my grandmother, nor did her mother.
Did they

 

[Lando calrisian]

Are any "eaters" of people.
Sorry.

 

[Lando calrisian]

Chip, I've noticed what she is pro towards and what she is "anti" or heavily and, or exceedingly biased against.
Dominicans may be ignorant concerning history and that is why when she pontificates many nod and say, Ay se?ora Elizabeh, yo no sabia eso".....or they go "oooooohh".
But "I am your worst nightmare lady, I'm a educated Dominican".
Where's my t-shirt?

LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

 

[delite]

Don't put words in my mouth. I never stated the Haitian invaders, who murdered the men. Raped the women and rode over the bodies of the children are any people. My grandmother never said that either.
Maybe they did, they currently chop people's heads off.
The history annals which Mountannie has never read and maybe you should too before saying something stupid give descriptions about this.
But I didn't say that. Not did my grandmother, nor did her mother.
Did they

You need to put the bottle down because you're as incoherent as a drunken sailor.

 

[Chip]

Chip, I've noticed what she is pro towards and what she is "anti" or heavily and, or exceedingly biased against.
Dominicans may be ignorant concerning history and that is why when she pontificates many nod and say, Ay se?ora Elizabeh, yo no sabia eso".....or they go "oooooohh".
But "I am your worst nightmare lady, I'm a educated Dominican".
Where's my t-shirt?

LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

I seriously doubt they understand her actually.

 

[delite]

Chip, I've noticed what she is pro towards and what she is "anti" or heavily and, or exceedingly biased against.
Dominicans may be ignorant concerning history and that is why when she pontificates many nod and say, Ay se?ora Elizabeh, yo no sabia eso".....or they go "oooooohh".
But "I am your worst nightmare lady, I'm a educated Dominican".
Where's my t-shirt?

LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

You owe it then to enlighten the masses. You guys are like "props" to derail this thread with your rudeness and personal attacks on someone who's shedding light on a part of history which has not been taught, as you admitted, but needs to see the light of day.

I've learned a lot from her and the contribution of Nakedsnake. It would behoove you to bark on another track and dismiss yourself from this thread unless you have something of substance to contribute. With your pseudo-education, you're as vacuous as your posts.