The Haitian Occupation of the Dominican Republic

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mountainannie

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written by Bolivar.. on Haiti

Written May 25, 1826; concernjng the issue oflifetime presidency:
"The island of Haiti, if you will permit the digression, was in a state of perpetual insurrection. Having experimented with an empire, a kingdom, and a republic, in fact every known type of government and more besides, the people were compelled to call upon the illustrious Petion to save them. After they had put their trust in him, Haiti's destinies pursued a steady course. Petion was made president for life, with the right to choose his successor. Thus neither the death of that great man nor the advent of a new president imperiled that state in the slightest. Under the worthy Boyer, everything has proceeded as tranquilly as in a legitimate monarchy. There you have conclusive proof that a life-term president, with the power to choose his successor, is the most sublime inspiration amongst republican regimes."13
 

Naked_Snake

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I don't think we can equate the contracts of Duvalier regime with the French as they weren't capturing Haitians to sell them. A bit of an exaggeration on your part NS. As a Haitian national, I can tell you we don't regret what happened and despite our economic situation, struggles our mark in history has changed the Americas and sovereignty of the colonizers. Thus, we are still paying the price of this audacity. Haiti with continuity will become self sufficient while maintaining good relations with our neigbhours.

I was pointing more at the direction of Jean Francois and Biassou when making the comparison, in the sense that they would be the ones to start the practice of selling people into slavery despite being the same color. It's a given that Ferrand and the other Frenchmen would see the idea for the first time detailed on the pro-colonial newspapers sold in Nantes and Bordeaux when they were in the metropole.
 

Naked_Snake

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guess the Spanish idea of "republican" government was more .. well .. like a monarch?

Well, the French one wasn't too far as well, since they went from Assembly to a directory of ten, to a consulate of three, to a consulate for life and from then...Empereur.
 

mountainannie

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But for the record.. what I have heard, and correct me if I am wrong Qusikeya, is that Preval is the first President of Haiti who actually retired in peace in his country after he served his term as president. The rest either went into exile or were beheaded. This may well be urban legend.
 

Naked_Snake

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But for the record.. what I have heard, and correct me if I am wrong Qusikeya, is that Preval is the first President of Haiti who actually retired in peace in his country after he served his term as president. The rest either went into exile or were beheaded. This may well be urban legend.

The truth is somewhere in the middle. Phillippe Guerrier died while being in power, and Nissage Saget apparently retired peacefully.
 

mountainannie

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I don't know .. I think that there is a case to be made that the workers were actually sold by Duvalier. I mean perhaps they themselves were paid something and maybe it was more than they were making in Haiti .. and i think that in the beginning that they were only here for a harvest, for a year, and then went back.. but when we start to look down at the remnants .. at the upshot.. at the folks who got left here who now do not qualify for statehood in either country... ??????? ok.. another thread..

we are still stuck around 1805

with ze French... the British... just who were they helping? What were they doing here? I guess hoping that everyone would kill everyone and the Haitians would turn to them?
 

bob saunders

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Everyone has to draw their own conclusions about that, Bob. I have simply learned that the French Napoleonic troops were here on this side of the island at this time, that thery authorized anyone on this side of the border to capture any children and return them to slavery.. as in .. enlist the few residents that were here into slave trading.

so .. I don't know.. was it excessive to burn the place to the ground?

If your ancestors had been the Haitians, do you think that they would have been excessive?

As for my agenda.. true that I do carry a sort of anti slavery feminist agenda

that I probably will never drop,, my grand mother's grandmother also carried it. Josephine Sophia White Griffing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia . The family has entrusted me with the task of continuing with her papers and legacy. But her papers are well kept now at Columbia University. Her name is well known by those who have attended any of the traditional black colleges in the United States. So I guess this is just sorta in my blood.

(I was supposed to write a doctorate but .. well,, wanted to drop out of post grad)

But I have really made an effort here to stick to published sources.

I have enven made efforts to publish the Haitian atrocities in English.

I have asked time and again for Dominican .. and other.. inputs.

So, I think that I have been as fair as one can expect from any person.

Yes, they were in excess because they were taken against the common folk, the workers, farmers , and ranchers most of whom would have been too poor to own a slave. There were no slaves in the eastern half after 22 years of Haitian rule, few before Haitian rule, so the slavery excuse is weak, and there were no Napoleonic troops on the Dominican soil during that 22 years of Haitian rule.
 

Naked_Snake

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with ze French... the British... just who were they helping? What were they doing here? I guess hoping that everyone would kill everyone and the Haitians would turn to them?

The British at first attempted to take the colony for themselves (or at least some parts of it) when they intervened militarily in the colony on the year 1793 (as part of the declaration of war they did with their allies against Republican France on account of the execution of Louis XVI, see French Revolutionary Wars). After five years of futile attempts, 20,000 men and 100 million pounds lost, the last chief of their expedition here, Thomas Maitland, accorded the evacuation of their forces with Toussaint, in exchange of some trade concessions, and the promise of the protection of British warships should Toussaint chose to proclaim independence and crown himself king of Haiti. The French general (of the Leclerc expedition) Pamphile Delacroix was the first one to give notice of this agreement to the French opinion on his history of the Haitian Revolution.
 

mountainannie

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Sorry Bob we are not yet up to the full occupation. I have gotten stuck back on Dessaline.. who was considered the onee who really did the brutal massacring and burning the place to cinders. That was back in 1805. I had thought that Dessalines just invaded to comply with the Haitian constitution .. that the Island was indivisible.. but really, That surely was not written by 1805.

Ok.. so we will get to the looting and burning under Boyer in a bit. So go collect sources OK?

I am just trying to piece together a history of ALL the different Haitian invastions and occupations that Nals posted.

NS said that Dessalines would have been considered a war criminal by todays standards.

And from the posting from the Virtual dictional Quiskeya.. he pretty much burned the place to the ground.

But there were French troops here then.
 

Naked_Snake

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Invasi?n de Dessalines - Enciclopedia Virtual Dominicana

for Spanish speakers.. here is description of the first Haitian invasion

it is the only account I have found on the internet so far

Invasi?n de Dessalines - Enciclopedia Virtual Dominicana

It's mentioned here as well:

Essays on the U.S. Color Line ? Blog Archive ? Why Did Northerners Invent a One-Drop Rule?

Type Santo Domingo while doing Control + F

Sweet takes the reference from "The Black Jacobins".
 

Gurabo444

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Everyone has to draw their own conclusions about that, Bob. I have simply learned that the French Napoleonic troops were here on this side of the island at this time, that thery authorized anyone on this side of the border to capture any children and return them to slavery.. as in .. enlist the few residents that were here into slave trading.

so .. I don't know.. was it excessive to burn the place to the ground?

If your ancestors had been the Haitians, do you think that they would have been excessive?

As for my agenda.. true that I do carry a sort of anti slavery feminist agenda

that I probably will never drop,, my grand mother's grandmother also carried it. Josephine Sophia White Griffing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia . The family has entrusted me with the task of continuing with her papers and legacy. But her papers are well kept now at Columbia University. Her name is well known by those who have attended any of the traditional black colleges in the United States. So I guess this is just sorta in my blood.

(I was supposed to write a doctorate but .. well,, wanted to drop out of post grad)

But I have really made an effort here to stick to published sources.

I have enven made efforts to publish the Haitian atrocities in English.

I have asked time and again for Dominican .. and other.. inputs.

So, I think that I have been as fair as one can expect from any person.

I've wanted to reply to this thread for the past two days, but had been very busy with work. Maybe I'm wrong but it looks like you're trying to look for a justification for the massacres committed by Dessalines and his troops. Is true that the french troops where on this side of the island, but do your sources say that by 1804 many to not say most succumbed to various tropical diseases? while the remaining ones retreated to the capital, do you really think if they were French troops present in the border or even in Santiago they wouldn't have at least put a fight against Dessalines army? which marched to the capital with practically no resistance. I don't know if the authorization to capture any free blacks was given by the Frecnh, but if it was, I really doubt that any free blacks on the Haitian side or even on the eastern side where captured, for the simple reason that there wasn't any french troops in the border at the time, and no Dominican would be crazy enough to do this.

"Con este cambio feliz, sentimos el placer que promete la tranquilidad perdida hasta entonces, y ya libre de semejantes monstruos, nos entregamos todos a las diversiones y festejos p?blicos, tributando al Alt?simo en sus templos los m?s fervientes votos de gracias por el bien que nos acababa de dispensar, libr?ndonos de la garras de aquellos can?bales de quienes todo lo malo era de esperar. M?s ay! ?Cu?n ef?meras fueron nuestras glorias! ?Cu?n cortos los d?as de placer y de descanso! El clima, enemigo del europeo, dentro de poco, solo dejaba las reliquias de la tropa francesa.

La primera v?ctima fue el general de la armada Leclerc. Se sigui? su ayudante general, y casi todos sucumbieron al rigor del verano, sin quedarnos esperanza alguna de reposici?n. Los negros escapados y reunidos en aquellas inmensas lomas y dilatados bosques, conocieron que se les presentaba la oportunidad de alzar nuevamente el grito y volver a dominar la isla a poca costa. El negro Dessalines, furioso, vengativo y cruel por temperamento, supo recordar sus antiguos servicios prestados con la sangre de los blancos, en los millares de v?ctimas inmolados a su ferocidad en tiempo de su primitivo mando. Arm? como pudo su gente y vino desde el Guarico, ya apoderado de las dem?s fortalezas del tr?nsito para constituirse primer gefe del ej?rcito que titul? ind?geno."

Archivo OrbeQuince: Historia de mi salida de la isla de Santo Domingo el 28 de Abril de 1805 | Por Gaspar de Arredondo y Pichardo

Even if you don't speak Spanish try to understand the bold part.

Not to mention that when French ships tried to capture Haitian cities such as Guarico today known as Capt Haitie these were block by British ships, which impose a blockade on every Haitian port in favor of the Haitians.

The presence of the French troops outside the city of Santo Domingo was nonexistent, to the point that when this happened, Dessalines didn't loose time to request a ridiculous sum of money to all the eastern departments, or else they would be invaded by his troops, the sum of money was "cinco millones de libras" a sum he knew very well no town of the interior could pay, but this was just s pretext to invade.

Santiago sent two delegations to Cap Haitie to try to convince Dessalines that his demands could not be met, and the reasons why, they offered him cattle and other goods such as all their gold and silver jewelry instead, which he rejected, claiming that other towns had met his demands, which is ridiculous since no town if could have called them that back then, had more money than Santiago. BTW the author of the book was part of these two delegations sent, in part thanks to his French speaking skills.

"El cabildo o Consejo departamental, presidido por el mismo Ferrand, vi?ndose sin arbitrios ni recursos para salir del conflicto, y bien cierto, que si no la pag?bamos, tendr?an muy pronto encima la tropa negra para tomarlo todo por la fuerza, junto con nuestras personas, acord? enviar una diputaci?n cerca del general negro compuesta del presb?tero don Juan Pichardo (34), don Domingo P?rez Pichardo, primos hermanos, don Antonio Geraldino, Don Jos? Mendes, y yo, que hablaba el franc?s, y el mulato Jos? Tavares, el criollo; y a quien por su color hab?a nombrado Dessalines comandante de la plaza, para que pas?semos al Guarico, como lo hicimos al siguiente d?a, y le manifestamos la imposibilidad en que est?bamos de llenar en numerario la contribuci?n impuesta al departamento, fundados en las m?s que notorias razones que se han demostrado: que para acreditar nuestra obediencia y buena disposici?n a cumplir sus ?rdenes, enviar?amos ganados de todas clases, prendas de oro y plata y aun las alhajas de los templos hasta llenar la suma pedida. As? autorizados con nuestros competentes pasaportes, nos pusimos en camino dirigi?ndonos al pueblo de Bayaj?, para embarcarnos por all? al Guarico, corriendo el peligro que amenazaban aquellos parages por tierra, llenos de negros que sin reserva sin temor, asesinaban a todo blanco, seguros de toda responsabilidad."

Archivo OrbeQuince: Historia de mi salida de la isla de Santo Domingo el 28 de Abril de 1805 | Por Gaspar de Arredondo y Pichardo

To conclude:

"para ligar las manos a este y quedar dominando la isla, menos la capital, a beneficio de los nuevos y buenos medios de defensa, de que carecieron los dem?s pueblos internos."

Try to understand the quote above, pretty much the whole eastern side if the island except the capital, was abandoned by the French troops who either died or retreated behind the walls of Santo Domingo. Dessalines and his troops didn't really have an excused to butchered a people who had never done any harm to them, nor resisted them in any way.
 
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Gurabo444

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Later I'll keep posting more info in the 1805 massacre on Dominican soil, is amazing how little people know about this event.
 

mountainannie

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thanks for posting Guarabo

here is a google translate

"With this change happy, feel pleasure that promises tranquility lost to time, and such monsters free and we deliver all the fun and public celebrations, paying the Almighty in their temples the most fervent wishes of thanks for the good that we just dispense, freeing us from the clutches of those who cannibals everything bad was expected. More alas ephemeral How were our glory! How short the days of pleasure and rest! climate, European enemy within soon, only left the relics of the French troops.

The first victim was the army general Leclerc. He followed his adjutant general, and almost all succumbed to the rigors of summer, without remaining hope of replacement. Blacks escaped and gathered in these immense hills and extensive forests, knew that they had the opportunity to raise the cry again and again to dominate the island at little cost. The black Dessalines, angry, vengeful and cruel by temperament, learned to remember their former services with the blood of the whites, in the thousands of victims sacrificed to his ferocity in its original time command. He armed his people as he could and came from the Guarico, and other strongholds seized the traffic to become the first chief of the army which he called indigenous. "
 

mountainannie

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and the next

"The council or departmental Council, chaired by the same Ferrand, seeing no excise or resources to get out of the conflict, and either way, if not we paid, would soon top the black troops to take everything by force, along with our people, agreed to send a deputation about black generally composed of the priest Don Juan Pichardo (34), Don Domingo Perez Pichardo, cousins​​, Antonio Geraldino, Don Jos? Mendes, and I, who spoke French, and the mulatto Jos? Tavares, Creole, and who by their color Dessalines was appointed commander of the place, so let us pass to Guarico, as we did the next day, and we express the impossibility of cash were to fill in the tax imposed to the department, based on more notorious reasons that have shown: that to prove our obedience and willingness to fulfill their orders, we would ship cattle of all kinds, gold and silver garments and even the vessels of the temples to fill the sum requested. authorized Thus our competent passports, we set off Bayaj? approaching the village, to embark for there to Guarico, running the danger that threatened those parages by land, full of black unreservedly without fear, murdered all white, all liability insurance. "

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