The pushing out came from whomever was the owner of the property...the one's with the $...they were the folks who did the hiring at lower rates or as you say the pushers...most likely lots of Dominicans among them...Most of the buildings and roads were built before Dominican construction workers were pushed out by Haitian construction workers. I guess some DR1ers became expats well after the 2000's. Heck, in the 1980's and 1990's there were hardly any Haitians in Dominican streets, city or campo. Imagine that! Well, some people don't need to imagine it, they saw it.