The Haitian Occupation of the Dominican Republic

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mountainannie

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Art. 11. La retribuci?n acordada a los Ayuntamientos de Azua y de Santiago por los certificados que tengan que expedir, servir? para los gastos comunales y s?lo se descontar? de esa suma, la cantidad que juzgaren conveniente los se?ores notables, para el sueldo del Secretario.
ARCHIVO DE VETAS: J. J. Dessalines: "Diario"

6 Jan 1805
Article 11. The compensation agreed to the municipalities of Azua and Santiago by having to issue certificates, will serve the community and only costs will be deducted from this amount, the amount outstanding Lords thought proper, for the salary of the Secretary.

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So.. I wonder if the Haitians were particularly harsh in their vengence on the communities and notables in Azua and Santiago? Who had, evidently signed on with the French to capture Haitian children and sell them into slavery in order to support their City Halls.....

Would this not be enough of a provocation to hang them high? A signed proclamation? published in French in 200 copies in French and English?

seems to me that they were not so innocent as portrayed.
 

Naked_Snake

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Art. 11. La retribuci?n acordada a los Ayuntamientos de Azua y de Santiago por los certificados que tengan que expedir, servir? para los gastos comunales y s?lo se descontar? de esa suma, la cantidad que juzgaren conveniente los se?ores notables, para el sueldo del Secretario.
ARCHIVO DE VETAS: J. J. Dessalines: "Diario"

6 Jan 1805
Article 11. The compensation agreed to the municipalities of Azua and Santiago by having to issue certificates, will serve the community and only costs will be deducted from this amount, the amount outstanding Lords thought proper, for the salary of the Secretary.

-------

So.. I wonder if the Haitians were particularly harsh in their vengence on the communities and notables in Azua and Santiago? Who had, evidently signed on with the French to capture Haitian children and sell them into slavery in order to support their City Halls.....

Would this not be enough of a provocation to hang them high? A signed proclamation? published in French in 200 copies in French and English?

seems to me that they were not so innocent as portrayed.

For me the most important question is: were those decrees ever enforced? I have scoured the Haitian archives, and I have yet to see one notified case of an incident involving people from this side of the island capturing civilians on the other side. Even more when, after the colonist exodus from the Central Plateau after the peace of Basel was declared (1795), effective Hispano-Dominican presence (military or otherwise) in much of the Central Plateau was as good as non-existent.
 

mountainannie

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I'm still waiting the resources/references of these atrocities committed by "esos negros salvajes". I guess for now it is safe to say this falls under "Los cuentitos de mi abuelita". MA, with all due respect, one has to provide references of such detailed atrocities. It would be great read for all especially Haitians in order to reconcile with the Dominicans. Definitely something for the world to know about ironically the Spanish nor the French which owned the place never have accounts or literature of these atrocities but they have many works of them getting their own medicine in Haiti..

Now some things that are scrambling in my mind. The date was 1805 which at that time the Eastern half belonged to the French. Also it scared the hell of the Americans,Spanish,French, and Brits that these slaves/mulattos were coming home to roost. I believe til this day it sends a shiver down the spine of the superpowers that this occurred which we Haitians even at present are paying a high price for. We can sit here all day but we Haitians will see Papa Dessaline as great hero along with Toussaint L'ouverture and Henri Christophe(who by the way is from British Islands) a cocolo in Dominican terminology. Hispaniola would have not have been Martinique and the whole midwest of the USA would still have been French Territory.

Let's just hope that these two countries can get by there differences and cohabitate on the island of Kiskeya,Ayiti Bohio in there respective convictions. Germans invaded France almost stripped them f their language and culture but they are allies. Why can't a product of the atrocities committed by the colonizers come to live in harmony and mutual respect for the advancement of both Haitians and Dominicans?


No, I think that the slaugher at the church and the hangings of the notables in front of the people ,... the murder of the priest are actually accurate.. I have heard it.. "They killed white people"... and certainly the idea that these people .. would just slaughter "notables" supposedly innocents, civilians, at CHURCH.. and HANG the DON whatevers.. that would really make them savage in the eyes of Dominicans.. *and most people!

I have also heard that they burned down churches with the people inside.

But, see.. I had never read about the deal between the French commander and the Notable Gentleman of Azua and Santiago.. I have a good friend from Azua.. his grandfather's father's etc.. owned the valley.. he is well.. white as me.. and I have cornflower blue eyes (albeit curly hair).

So... I just filled in a back story. for myself and have at least got those killings of notables clear in my own mind.

if you sign a deal with the French to run the town hall with the proceeds from the capture of Hatian children, then .. well.. then.. you are enemy combatants.
 

delite

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Even by the French Snake? The "why" which MA opined needs to investigated even though, thus far, there's an absence of sources.
 

Naked_Snake

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Even by the French Snake? The "why" which MA opined needs to investigated even though this far there's an absence of sources.

Trust me on this, effective French military presence in the western part of the island (even if you take the Central Plateau into account) pretty much ceased after their disastrous defeat at Vertieres, and the hurried evacuation afterwards (November, 1803).
 

Naked_Snake

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if you sign a deal with the French to run the town hall with the proceeds from the capture of Hatian children, then .. well.. then.. you are enemy combatants.

Do you believe in the neocon theory of the "preemptive strike"? Cuz' if you say yes, then this would be truly an eye-opener, not only for me, but for many people here as well. Saber rattling isn't good enough of a reason for an attack, methinks, unless of course, you agree with the neocon mentioned above, or Frederick II of Prussia, if one goes far back.
 

mountainannie

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For me the most important question is: were those decrees ever enforced? I have scoured the Haitian archives, and I have yet to see one notified case of an incident involving people from this side of the island capturing civilians on the other side. Even more when, after the colonist exodus from the Central Plateau after the peace of Basel was declared (1795), effective Hispano-Dominican presence (military or otherwise) in much of the Central Plateau was as good as non-existent.

Well clearly, NS, they never got a chance! The decree was posted in 1805. And in came Dessalines et all to burn the place down.

But the lack of being able to carry out an evil intent does not absolve them of the guilt of collaboration in slave trading and human trafficking, does it?

Sure, they might have been really wonderful to their mulattos , and their negros.. but they were fine with paying for the paving of the roads of Santiago with selling Haitian children into slavery abroad. They had signed on to become INTERNATIONAL slave traders. It is right there.. right on the record. Down to how many pesos fine... for each head of each Haitian not registed.

Any Haitian found without the required papers.. well read it...

They had become slavers and slave traders.

Certainly not innocent bystanders.
 

Naked_Snake

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Well clearly, NS, they never got a chance! The decree was posted in 1805. And in came Dessalines et all to burn the place down.

But the lack of being able to carry out an evil intent does not absolve them of the guilt of collaboration in slave trading and human trafficking, does it?

Sure, they might have been really wonderful to their mulattos , and their negros.. but they were fine with paying for the paving of the roads of Santiago with selling Haitian children into slavery abroad. They had signed on to become INTERNATIONAL slave traders. It is right there.. right on the record. Down to how many pesos fine... for each head of each Haitian not registed.

Any Haitian found without the required papers.. well read it...

They had become slavers and slave traders.

Certainly not innocent bystanders.

Do you believe then that Israelis should bomb the heck out of Iran, just because one of them said "we will wipe them out from the face of the earth" or such?
 

delite

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Trust me on this, effective French military presence in the western part of the island (even if you take the Central Plateau into account) pretty much ceased after their disastrous defeat at Vertieres, and the hurried evacuation afterwards (November, 1803).

Ok NS,

So now, without sources, we have to speculate a little. What do you think was the reason for all that ferocity?
 

mountainannie

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Do you believe in the neocon theory of the "preemptive strike"? Cuz' if you say yes, then this would be truly an eye-opener, not only for me, but for many people here as well. Saber rattling isn't good enough of a reason for an attack, methinks, unless of course, you agree with the neocon mentioned above, or Frederick II of Prussia, if one goes far back.

I do not think that it is a pre emptive stike when one is in the MIDDLE of a war with Napoleon's forces.. c'mon!

It was really a long time ago that I read the James book.. and I have it here and am trying to catch up on it but there were all these ins and outs... first a slave uprising, then service to a Republic, then a fight against an Emperor who was reinstating slavery.,Mulattos in, Mulattos out....

This was a fight against the French. The French soldiers were here and in charge .. OFFICIALLY.. of the island., there was nothing actually, by way of a borderline with garrisons was there?

They were fighting the French. The French were garrisoned here. The Santiaguerans and Azuans were signed collaborators.

does a preemptive strike mean that I wait for them to capture the first Haitian child and ship her out of Santo Domingo for Martinique?

then, well, call me a neo con
 

delite

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Do you believe then that Israelis should bomb the heck out of Iran, just because one of them said "we will wipe them out from the face of the earth" or such?

The Israelis would kill you now if they know you will grow up to possibly be a threat to them. I understood the analogy and I felt MA was overboard with that post in light of such barbaric actions.
 

Naked_Snake

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Ok NS,

So now, without sources, we have to speculate a little. What do you think was the reason for all that ferocity?

In this particular account I only put the brunt of the matter to the attitude of the overall commanders (Dessalines, Christophe), cuz' one only needs to take into account that a similar incursion took place during Toussaint's tenure. And even though there was an armed incident, in which Toussaint's troops destroyed the little effective militia force that the mulatto general Antoine Chanlatte put up to oppose him (on account of the agent of the French directory, Phillipe Rose Roume, which opposed Toussaint's taking into possession of this part), Toussaint didn't take reprisals on the civilian population here, despite the fact that he knew that they opposed him on their majority. Even more when we take into account that on that particular expedition he came with his nephew, Hyacinthe Moyse, who had a hatred of whites as bitter as the one of Dessalines himself.
 

mountainannie

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Do you believe then that Israelis should bomb the heck out of Iran, just because one of them said "we will wipe them out from the face of the earth" or such?

oh puleeze......... that was then... in the middle of a fight for liberty of slaves

do not do this.. do not lower my high opinon of you by this tactic.

stick right with this VERY THING

RIGHT THEN THESE THINGS

these difficult issues..

it is not my opion that matters

it is yours. My opinion is my opinon. You have to form your own.

And I have No opinon on what Israel ought to do with Iran except talk peace.
 

Naked_Snake

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oh puleeze......... that was then... in the middle of a fight for liberty of slaves

do not do this.. do not lower my high opinon of you by this tactic.

stick right with this VERY THING

RIGHT THEN THESE THINGS

these difficult issues..

it is not my opion that matters

it is yours. My opinion is my opinon. You have to form your own.

And I have No opinon on what Israel ought to do with Iran except talk peace.

Oh please, Annie, you know as well as I do that even on those times there were some rules (albeit still on their infancy) as to what constituted a casus belli in international law, as laid out by the likes of Hugo Grotius, Cornelius van Bynkershoek and Jean Jacques Burlamanqui. In no place, not even in the bitter conflict then raging on in Europe, the example of making idle words a casus belli was witnessed. The only way to see this is in the same light as the ethnic cleansing, cuz' that is what is was, that took part in the western part with the handful of colonists left there after the French were vanquished. As such, the farthest you could ask from us is to give a grudging understanding of the events, but please, please, don't ask us to applaud actions that, if they would have been carried out in their full extent, would have meant the possibility of not existing for many of us.
 

delite

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In this particular account I only put the brunt of the matter to the attitude of the overall commanders (Dessalines, Christophe), cuz' one only needs to take into account that a similar incursion took place during Toussaint's tenure. And even though there was an armed incident, in which Toussaint's troops destroyed the little effective militia force that the mulatto general Antoine Chanlatte put up to oppose him (on account of the agent of the French directory, Phillipe Rose Roume, which opposed Toussaint's taking into possession of this part), Toussaint didn't take reprisals on the civilian population here, despite the fact that he knew that they opposed him on their majority. Even more when we take into account that on that particular expedition he came with his nephew, Hyacinthe Moyse, who had a hatred of whites as bitter as the one of Dessalines himself.

Taken everything you've stated NS, I am led to believe that those actions had to have had a catalyst. Now, I have to agree with MA as far as preventive strikes to send a clear message that such perceived actions wouldn't be tolerated.
 

Naked_Snake

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Taken everything you've stated NS, I am led to believe that those actions had to have had a catalyst. Now, I have to agree with MA as far as preventive strikes to send a clear message that such perceived actions wouldn't be tolerated.

And as I told her above, I (and I'm sure a few others) are willing to give a grudging understanding of the matter (even if we don't agree on some things). The only thing we ask if for her not to expect us to applaud actions that could have very well meant our not existing. In no other case the phrase "one man's hero is another man's murderer" have rang so true as on this one. As such, I can't really blame our earlier historians when they put our continued existence as a nation as an act of providence, cuz' seeing how many times throughout the nation's existence it was close to physical anihilation, one can't help but wonder about the matter.
 

delite

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Oh please, Annie, you know as well as I do that even on those times there were some rules (albeit still on their infancy) as to what constituted a casus belli in international law, as laid out by the likes of Hugo Grotius, Cornelius van Bynkershoek and Jean Jacques Burlamanqui. In no place, not even in the bitter conflict then raging on in Europe, the example of making idle words a casus belli was witnessed. The only way to see this is in the same light as the ethnic cleansing, cuz' that is what is was, that took part in the western part with the handful of colonists left there after the French were vanquished. As such, the farthest you could ask from us is to give a grudging understanding of the events, but please, please, don't ask us to applaud actions that, if they would have been carried out in their full extent, would have meant the possibility of not existing for many of us.

With all those beautiful words NS, we witnessed preemptive strikes by the Israelis in the eighties against Iraq, Reagan against Khadafy, Bush against Iraq, Hutus vis a vis Tutsi, CIA's wars in Latin America for American companies (Dole, Chiquita, Domino).
 

delite

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And as I told her above, I (and I'm sure a few others) are willing to give a grudging understanding of the matter (even if we don't agree on some things). The only thing we ask if for her not to expect us to applaud actions that could have very well meant our not existing. In no other case the phrase "one man's hero is another man's murderer" have rang so true as on this one. As such, I can't really blame our earlier historians when they put our continued existence as a nation as an act of providence, cuz' seeing how many times throughout its existence is was close to physical anihilation, one can't help but wonder at it.

NS,

I respect you thus far as an astute historian, however, your above contribution falls along the lines of many here. I don't want to speak for Annie, but I missed where she "applauded" any action. I, also, am not applauding any action reaction theorem either.

I believe you're a lot smarter than to get suckered into the this anomaly. We are having a civilized discussion and sometimes we are steered to speculate on occasions.

We are trying to seek the truth or solve a puzzle with a few pieces missing.
 
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Gurabo444

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Gurabo, these stories are horrific and sobering, but important to read.

Sad thing is that few people know about them, many people in other forums have called it an invention by Trujillo. We're already seeing people here questioning its credibility and calling it propaganda, but that's normal, some people have set a picture of the history of the island, and anything that doesn't fit in that image of theirs must be a lie.

"of all the women who where in the church, there where only two girls left alive who were under the dead bodies of their mother, aunt and of the people that accompanied them, they faked their death since they were covered by the blood shed by bodies above them."

When I first read this story the part above gave me goosebumps, so similar to the story that my great-grandma told me, which she claimed that was pass down to her from her grandma, and one of these girls was her grandma's aunt. I think I should pay her a visit, and record some of these stories at 99 she might not be with us for much long, and these oral stories might be lost forever. In fact most Dominicans know about these events thanks to orial history, and not too books or anything like that, ask any old men in Gurabo and he'll have at least one story to tell about these events.

Now assuming that there were traders back and froth, can it not be assumed that the planters of Santiago had heard what had happened on the other side? back in 1791? After they could not pay the ransom demanded..would they not have expected attack? Well, no, i guess not. Bit compared to what the former slaves meted out to the women on the french side, the Donas and children were given a swift release here..

First do you have to post something about the Haitian revolution in every page? I know you love Haiti, but isn't this thread about the Haitian invasions of DR, is it really necessary?

How sweet the Donas and children had a more "humane" death then the French slave owners, the Donas and children who had nothing to do with slavery in Haiti.

Gurabo44,

Can you please provide your resources. I would like to read this book as this story seems interesting. Also one has to remember that the Catholics supported slavery and played an intricate part of political events. Again this was indeed war.


Gurabo44,

Can you please provide your resources. I would like to read this book as this story seems interesting. Also one has to remember that the Catholics supported slavery and played an intricate part of political events. Again this was indeed war.

I'd like to have also the references (name of the book, author, and year) for the extracts given by Gurabo44.

It looks like a propaganda ("...los negros...") text to me, I must read it first before having a final opinion.

I think chip already did that for me, but for the 5th time here it is:

Archivo OrbeQuince: Historia de mi salida de la isla de Santo Domingo el 28 de Abril de 1805 | Por Gaspar de Arredondo y Pichardo

These are the first person account of someone who personally was there when it all happened, a person who personally met Dessalines, toussaint, Henri Christophe, Campo Tavarez (the Mulatto mentioned by K-Mel earlier) and not to mentioned that he went to Cap-Haitien on two occasions, describing many things there in detailed. A true Santiaguero who loved his country and people more than anything, who stayed in Santiago when all his family knowing what was about to fall upon the city left. If you ask me much more reliable than some of the wiki articles some here love to post.

Orders issued by French commander Ferrand

could not the case be made that the notables of Santiago were not "innocents" but rather collaborators?

Yes MA a people who for the most part were unarmed, who were in fear of a Haitian invasion, who had given nearly all their valuables to Dessalines in order to appease him, a people who stayed in Santiago for the very reason of the harshness of a trip to the Capital. In the mist of this all, they were going to march from Santiago all the way to the Haitian territory, and kidnap Haitian boys, and march back all teh way to the capital, so to wake up the wrath of the Haitians (note in 1805 there were no French troops in the Cibao, they were all hiding behind the walls of Santo Domingo), knowing that they didn't even have the protection of the French they were gonna try such suicidal en-devour. Please don't be ridiculous, and stop trying to look for a justifications for these massacres, fact is Henri and his troops were **** the hell off at not being able to capture the Capital, and what a better option than let go of all of their frustrations on a bunch of villages.

I can transnational the whole text by Gapar, and never, in not one single part of this first person account is there a mention of children being kidnap to be sold to the French in the Capital who had in fact abandon all of the Cibao to their own fate. You conveniently forget that Haitians also decimated various other towns such as Moca, and La Vega, is not only Santiago, and Santiagueros who now you claim were slave traders. In fact many of these Towns remained desolated, and abandoned after the Massacres well into 1808, don't worry in a bit I'll post proof of that.

What fault had people in La Vega, in Moca, In Santiago, In Cotui, of the treatment the former slaves had received under the french? did they deserve such horrible deaths? Is getting ridiculous, you trying to make poor villagers some how collaborators, or slaves traders, you love to talk about ancestors do you, t was many of my ancestors who were sacrifies in these events, poor peasants who for the most part came from the Canaries, and had nothing to do with the slave trade.
 

mountainannie

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Well, Guarbo.. I can only assume that from the perspective of the Haitians all white men were essentially the enemy as they had not received decent treatment except from a few. And no, NS. I do not expect you to applaud the slaughter of your ancestors. In fact, I was quite amazed at the page on Dessalines in the Domincan Edu.. about how it was caste in military terms and no mention.. well .. really little mention .. was made of the slaughter of innocents

But let us not try to be a war crimes trial but rather a peace and reconciliation trial.


I expect that the cattle ranchers of Santiago and Azua had no money at all.. and that the French simply talked them into it as a way to make money for their towns. Unless there are records that can be unearthed that have actual signatures on them then nothing could be actually proved. This was under French administration, after all.


I think that it would be a very good project to go with tape recorders to all the elders who are still alive and get their stories down.. of what their elders told them.. so that the story can be heard.

I am not trying to justify the slaughter but just to say that Haitian revolution was not like any other war that we have witnessed really,, before,, or perhaps even since.. They were not fighting for territory or soverignty or even human rights as are known in this century but against the cruelest slavey that was known in the hemisphere. Sort of the WW2 camps, I think Haitian slavery was second.

And yes, Guarbo, I do have to keep bringing up the Haitian revolution because really this is all Part of the Haitian Revolution to me.. all the Haitian incursions into the Domnican Republic were an attempt on the part of the slaves to secure a homeland.

You are free, have always been free, to start threads on the History of the Domnican Republic in all the other sections of the board.. but this thread is about the Haitian occupation of the DR, right? So I am going to keep mentioning the Haitian Revolution.

Haiti was recognized by the United States in 1864 or so .. so there is an end to it.
 
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